Rupture and delamination of arc crust rupture and delamination of island arc crust due to the arc–arc collision in the South Fossa Magna, central Japan

Three collisional cycles, the Tanzawa, Izu and Shichito, are known to have occurred in the South Fossa Magna, central Japan, since the late Miocene, based on geologic evidence. The cycles consist of six stages. At present the South Fossa Magna is in the later part of stage 5 of the Izu Cycle and stage 2 of the Shichito Cycle. Because the collisional processes are ongoing we can observe, measure and correlate them with the geologic records of the former cycles. The collisional processes are progressing intermittently because of the rupture and deformation of the collided and colliding island arc crusts. Rupture in the subducting crust can be explained by the geometry of the subducting plate along a boundary that is not straight. The delamination of the upper crust is detected from the geologic and crustal structure in the collided Tanzawa Block; it is an important factor in the deformation of the crust.     

中国东北—华北新生代火山活动的深部动力学机制

在综合地质年代学、数值模拟和岩石学研究成果的基础上,作者提出中国东北—华北地区新生代玄武质火山活动是岩石圈发生拆沉失稳,导致软流圈地幔发生强迫对流的结果。发生在东北—华北地区中部的岩石圈拆沉失稳诱发了早第三纪火山活动,而地幔对流环的扩展引起的热机械侵蚀作用使得周边地区相继发生岩石圈拆沉,从而导致晚第三纪第四纪火山活动的产生。拆沉失稳机制得到了大地热流、布格重力异常反演和新构造运动研究结果的支持。     

Petrogenesis of Permo-Triassic intrusive rocks in Northern Liaoning Province,NE China: implications for the closure of the eastern Paleo-Asian Ocean

ABSTRACT

The Changchun-Yanji belt recorded widespread Permo-Triassic magmatism, but their origins remain unclear, inhibiting a comprehensive understanding of the magmatic response to the final closure of the Paleo-Asian ocean in the eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). Here, we present new geochronological, geochemical, and Hf isotopic data for the Permo-Triassic plutons from Northern Liaoning province, NE China. Combined the published ages with our new data, the Permo-Triassic magmatism in the eastern CAOB can be divided into five episodes: early Permian (293–274 Ma), middle–late Permian (270–257 Ma), latest late Permian–Middle Triassic (255–242 Ma), Late Triassic (240–215 Ma), and latest Late Triassic (209–200 Ma). The middle Permian and Late Triassic mafic plutons (i.e. ~266 Ma Mengjiagou gabbro–diorite, ~240 Ma Jiancaicun gabbro and ~224 Ma Shudetun gabbro-diorite) contain relatively high TFe₂O₃, MgO, Cr and Ni contents with positive ε_Hf(t) values (+1.2 to +7.2), suggesting a depleted mantle origin. These mafic rocks together with the coeval granitoids make up typical bimodal associations, suggesting that they were formed under an extensional environment. The conclusions are also supported by occurrence of A-type granites during 270–257 Ma and 240–215 Ma. By contrast, the granitoids of 255–242 Ma in the eastern CAOB, including the Jianshanzi (~251 Ma) and Daganhe (~242 Ma) monzogranites, show typical geochemical features of adakitic granites, with high Sr/Y ratios and negative ε_Hf(t) values (–8.6 to – 22.0), suggesting that the magmas were generated through partial melting of thickened ancient lower crust. Combined with previous studies, a four-stage tectonic evolution scenario was proposed: (1) active continental margin stage during 293–274 Ma; (2) continuing subduction resulted in the initiation collision, moderate crustal thickening, and slab break-off during 270–257 Ma; (3) final closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean associated with continued crustal thickening occurred during 255–242 Ma; (4) lithospheric delamination in a post-collisional extensional environment occurred during 240–215 Ma.     

The Avalon Zone: A Pan-African terrane in the Appalachian Orogen of Canada

The Precambrian sequences of the Avalon Zone in Canada (southeastern margin of the Appalachian Orogen) are interpreted as a Pan-African orogenic belt incorporated into the Appalachian Orogen during Palaeozoic times as its southeastern margin. The Precambrian evolution of the Avalon Zone was genetically unrelated to subsequent Palaeozoic evolution. The Avalon Zone shows marked similarities in age, tectonic history, and facies development to the Pan-African belts adjacent to the West African Craton. Precambrian evolution of the zone began with circa 800 Ma rifting of a sialic gneissic basement and deposition of a Middle Proterozoic(?) carbonate-clastic cover sequence. Early crustal rifting was associated with localized partial melting and metamorphism. Limited crustal separation led to the restricted development of circa 760 Ma oceanic volcanics. Continued rifting and subsequent closure of these narrow ocean basins led to the eruption of widespread subaerial volcanic suites, block faulting, granite plutonism, and local, late Proterozoic sedimentary basin formation. Precambrian evolution of the zone terminated with the Avalonian Orogeny (circa 650-600 Ma), a deformational event, the affects of which are most evident locally along the northwestern margin of the zone. The controlling features of the Proterozoic evolution of the Avalon Zone are a series of linear intracratonic troughs and small ocean basins that formed during thinning and separation of the crust by ductile spreading, rupture, and delamination (cf. Martin and Porada 1977). The variation in degree of crustal separation led to subsequent variation in orogenesis during late Proterozoic compression. The zone marks the original westward limit of Pan-African activity and displays no apparent genetic link with the Appalachian Orogen in Canada until Devonian times.     

全球海量地形数据组织管理方法的研究

本文通过研究全球多分辨率地形数据的特点和渲染需要,研究了现有的全球地形数据组织方法并提出改进措施。然后利用多分辨率LOD(MRLOD)技术,设计并实现了一种面向全球的分层分块方案,详细阐述了其构建规则,并分析了方案的可行性,然后详细地说明了分层分块的数据结构组织,最后利用上述提出的技术,做了一些关于某一大规模三维地形实时漫游方面的实验,文中详细列出了这些实验结果。实验结果表明,采用该文提出的方法,可以在普通PC机上实现大规模三维地形场景的实时漫游。     

豫西熊耳山蒿坪沟黑云母花岗斑岩的锆石LA-ICP-MSU-Pb年龄及其地质意义

熊耳山西端的沙沟—龙门店银多金属矿矿集区内出露蒿坪沟黑云母花岗斑岩,精确限定它的形成时代对探讨其成因背景和评价成矿潜力均具有重要意义。蒿坪沟岩体定年样品HPG304的岩性为黑云母花岗斑岩,33个锆石测点中有18个测点的U-Pb同位素测定值位于或者接近n(207Pb)/n(235U)—n(206Pb)/n(238U)一致线,它们的年龄值集中于2435±9 Ma、2310±13~2340±10 Ma、1784±10 Ma和129±1~131±1 Ma等4个年龄段内。最新年龄段内8个锆石测点n(206Pb)/n(238U)年龄加权平均值为129.9±0.6 Ma(MSWD=0.69),结合前人蒿坪沟黑云母花岗斑岩5颗SHRIMP锆石的U-Pb同位素数据,获得的加权平均年龄为130.5±1.1 Ma(MSWD=3.5),认为它的形成年龄为130.5±1.1 Ma。综合蒿坪沟黑云母花岗斑岩的SHRIMP锆石定年结果,34颗锆石形成了一个从古元古代到早白垩世的锆石年龄谱,区域上均存在与之对应的岩浆热事件。蒿坪沟黑云母花岗斑岩形成的构造背景为早白垩世岩石圈拆沉作用,由此触发的岩浆(流体)混合作用成就了其锆石U-Pb年龄谱。蒿坪沟黑云母花岗斑岩的形成时代与小秦岭—崤山—熊耳山地区中生代广泛而强烈的成矿及成岩时代相接近,岩石圈拆沉作用利于深部流体快速释放,加之蒿坪沟黑云母花岗斑岩及其周缘和深部显示了良好的物化探异常,它应当被视为沙沟—龙门店银多金属矿矿集区内找矿靶区之一。     

广义立体像对匹配方法研究

遥感影像匹配是遥感技术中的热点和难点问题,是三维重建、导航、模式识别、DEM自动提取等工作的基础.传统的匹配方法通常是针对同源数据的,文中研究基于广义立体像对的匹配方法,设计并实现了基于小波变换的特征匹配和灰度匹配相结合的匹配方法,并结合现有的遥感数据,人工选取40对同名控制点对匹配点的精度进行检验,实验结果表明该算法...     

Zircon U–Pb age and Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic constraints on the age and origin of Triassic mafic dikes,Dalian area,Northeast China

Post-orogenic mafic rocks from Northeast China consist of swarms of dolerite dikes. We report a new U–Pb zircon age, as well as whole-rock geochemical and Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic data. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA–ICP–MS) U–Pb zircon analysis yielded an age of 210.3 ± 1.5 million years (i.e. Triassic) for these mafic dikes. Most Dalian mafic rocks exhibit low K₂O + Na₂O contents, and span the border between alkaline and calc-alkaline rock associations in the total alkali–silica diagram. The investigated dikes are also characterized by relatively high (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i ratios (0.7061–0.7067) and negative ?_Nd (t) (?4.7 to??4.3) and ?_Hf (t) values (?4.1 to??1.1), implying that they were derived from an enriched lithospheric mantle source. The mafic dikes are characterized by relatively low MgO (4.65–5.44 wt.%), Mg^# (41–44), and compatible element content [such as Cr (89.9–125 ppm) and Ni (56.7–72.2 ppm)], which are the features of an evolved mafic magma. No evidence supports the idea that the mafic rocks were affected by significant assimilation or crustal contamination during emplacement. We conclude that the dolerites formed in a post-orogenic extensional setting, related to lithospheric delamination or ‘collapse’ of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), also termed the Xingmeng Orogenic Belt in China.     

东昆仑造山带拆沉作用的数值模拟

在构建东昆仑造山带晚古生代—早中生代地质-物理模型的基础上,利用FLAC软件模拟了幔源岩浆底侵后形成的榴辉岩岩石圈拆沉作用及动力学机制,结果表明,东昆仑造山带在幔源岩浆底侵后确实发生过岩石圈拆沉作用,昆北、昆中、昆南地区的拆沉量差异较大,并形成以橄榄岩、榴辉岩和中酸性麻粒岩为源区的岩浆活动;柴达木地区未发生拆沉作用,而是下沉,同时在高密度层(榴辉岩)的顶部存在较多的断裂。文章探讨了拆沉作用与大规模岩浆活动、盆地形成、C型埃达克岩的关系,认为镁铁质岩石的特殊性质是导致拆沉作用发生的直接动力,岩石圈拆沉之后的深部约束受拆沉的量及范围控制;论证了东昆仑造山带的岩石圈拆沉作用触发了柴达木盆地的形成,并形成一系列热液矿床。     

豫南伏牛山余脉铜山岩体锆石U-Pb定年、地球化学特征及其地质意义

铜山岩体位于华北克拉通南缘伏牛山余脉南端,南侧紧邻北秦岭构造带,对其开展锆石定年和岩石成因研究,有助于丰富华北克拉通南缘燕山期深部构造演化的认识。铜山岩体的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为（147.0±4.3）~（144.1±4.4）Ma（n=5）和（133.0±3.9）~（127.4±3.6）Ma（n=21）,形成了双峰式单颗粒锆石年龄谱,加权平均年龄分别为（145.5±4.5）Ma和（130.6±1.8）Ma,其中前者暗示铜山岩体周缘存在约145 Ma的隐伏岩浆活动,后者代表了铜山岩体的形成时代。铜山岩体样品具有富硅、碱和贫钙、镁的特征,属于高钾钙碱性系列。在微量元素蛛网图中,显示了明显的Rb、Th、Zr及Hf的异常峰和Sr、P、Ti的异常谷。稀土总量介于43.07×10^-6~173.14×10^-6之间,（La/Yb）_N值为1.97~19.58,稀土配分模式具有右倾、轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损和负Eu异常（δEu值介于0.33~0.73之间）的特征。其（La/Yb）_N-w（La_N）投点显示了线性正相关关系,表明部分熔融作用控制了铜山岩体的成分变异。铜山岩体形成于约40 km的正常厚度地壳内,部分熔融源区位于角闪岩相,源区残余相主要矿物为角闪石和斜长石。早白垩世桐柏山三合店—鸡公山区域岩石圈拆沉作用导致深部流体快速释放,注入到未完全固结岩浆/流体库（已晶出约145 Ma的锆石）,混合活化之后上侵固结形成具有双峰式锆石年龄谱的铜山岩体。铜山岩体是对桐柏山三合店—鸡公山区域岩石圈拆沉作用近同时的岩浆响应,与之相关的岩浆效应没有局限在桐柏—大别造山带内,在北秦岭构造带和华北克拉通南缘均有显示。