Pleiades高分辨率卫星影像道路提取技术

遥感影像上的道路提取是摄影测量与计算机视觉研究的一项重要内容,本文设计了一种高分辨率卫星影像道路提取方法,首先,利用Canny边缘提取算子提取左影像上的边缘,并利用霍夫变换对线特征进行检测,根据道路的几何特性检测平行直线,再基于影像匹配方法匹配立体像对上的道路;然后,利用卫星影像RPC参数前方交会原理实现道路的几何定位。利用Pleiades卫星影像开展试验,自动提取的道路与人工采集的道路几何定位误差在1个像素以内,试验结果验证了本文方法的有效性。     

线图形简化与移位算子的协同方法

在地图综合过程中,线的图形简化和移位算子通常是分别执行的,图形简化和移位有时都会产生新的空间冲突。本文试图把这两种算子进行协同,避免在地图综合过程中进行空间冲突的多次探测,提高地图综合数据处理的效率。本文通过把线图形简化转换为线上的点移位,并构建邻近地图目标之间的移位传播路径,在考虑空间上下文关系和地图感受规则的前提下,使移位过程能考虑到线图形简化,并尽量保持有关地图目标的空间特征。最后,以道路和其周边的建筑物群为例,验证了该算法的有效性和可行性。     

基于点云空洞修复和TPS模型的数学形态学机载LIDAR滤波

在分析现有滤波算法的基础上,结合数据驱动和模型驱动式算子各自的优点,提出基于点云空洞修复和TPS变形模型的数学形态学机载LIDAR点云滤波,该方法首先提取和修复由水域造成的大面积点云空洞,采用多尺度形态学开算子作用于修复的数据,得到近似裸露地表面;然后利用2D空间的TPS变形模型,以近似地表面为基础,插值原始点云,根据插值与原始点云高程的差值大小去识别地面点和非地面点。通过定量分析,验证该方法不仅有较高的滤波精度,而且也能较好的保留裸露地表的细节特征,同时该方法有助于辅助人工处理,提高数据处理的质量。     

基于峰值因子最大化的鬼波压制方法

针对传统拖缆采集得到的海上地震资料受鬼波影响而导致频带宽度变窄,笔者提出一种去鬼波方法,可以压制鬼波效应,拓宽频带。首先在频率-空间域推导出镜像数据生成公式,并基于峰值因子最大化的参数搜索方法来估计最优的鬼波延迟时间,将最优的鬼波延迟时代入镜像记录生成公式,获得最优的镜像记录,利用联合反褶积算法得到最优的去鬼波结果。将本文中的方法应用于模拟的变深度采集数据和海上实测的变深度采集数据,证实该方法可以有效地压制鬼波,消除频谱中的陷波点,得到宽频数据。     

Development of groundwater favourability map using GIS-based driven data mining models: an approach for effective groundwater resource management

The development of groundwater favourability map is an effective tool for the sustainability management of groundwater resources in typical agricultural regions, such as southern Perak Province, Malaysia. Assessing the potentiality and pollution vulnerability of groundwater is a fundamental phase of favourability mapping. A geographic information system (GIS)-based Boolean operator of a spatial analyst module was applied to combine a groundwater potentiality map (GPM) model and a groundwater vulnerability to pollution index (GVPI) map, thereby establishing the favourable zones for drinking water exploration in the investigated area. The area GPM model was evaluated by applying a GIS-based Dempster–Shafer–evidential belief function model. In the evaluation, six geoelectrically determined groundwater potential conditioning factors (i.e. overburden resistivity, overburden thickness, aquifer resistivity, aquifer thickness, aquifer transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity) were synthesized by employing the probability-based algorithms of the model. The generated thematic maps of the seven hydrogeological parameters of the DRASTIC model were considered as pollution potential conditioning factors and were analysed with the developed ordered weighted average–DRASTIC index model algorithms to construct the GVPI map. Approximately 88.8 and 85.71% prediction accuracies for the Groundwater Potentiality and GVPI maps were established using the reacting operating characteristic curve method and water quality status–vulnerability zone relationship scheme, respectively. Finally, the area groundwater favourability map (GFM) model was produced by applying a GIS-based Boolean operator on the Groundwater Potentiality and GVPI maps. The GFM model reveals three distinct zones: ‘not suitable’, ‘less suitable’ and ‘very suitable’ zones. The area analysis of the GFM model indicates that more than 50% of the study area is covered by the ‘very suitable’ zones. Results produce a suitability map that can be used by local authorities for the exploitation and management of drinking water in the area. The study findings can also be applied as a tool to help increase public awareness of groundwater issues in developing countries.     

基于欧拉反褶积法的无人机航磁找矿应用

无人机航磁测量以其高效、安全、低成本等优点逐渐应用到中小面积大比例尺资源勘探领域。本文针对安徽芜湖市三山区22 km²区域构造刻画和找矿前景预测,开展1∶20 000高精度无人机航磁测量工作;推导了欧拉反演求解过程,并分析对比构造指数选取,使用构造指数为0的欧拉反褶积对航磁数据进行反演求解,获得地下磁异常体构造边界解集信息;将其应用到研究区域航磁数据反演,根据反演得到的边界位置和深度信息圈定了18处断裂,并结合异常特征给出了8.7 km²岩浆岩分布区,根据宁芜区域铁矿成矿特点,圈定岩浆分布区及边界为成矿详查区。     

拟合法15°波动方程有限差分串联偏移

本文把最佳拟合算法（三点和五点差分格式）及串联偏移方法应用在15°波动方程偏移中。由于拟合法的差分因子随着采样间隔、步长、速度等参数的变化而变化,因此与原有的波动方程差分偏移法相比,串联偏移方法能有效的使大倾角归位,克服频散,速度及步长可以灵活变化,运算效率高等优点。     

Conditioning of coefficient matrices of Ordinary Kriging

The solution of a set of linear equations is central to Ordinary Kriging. Computers are commonly applied because of the amount of data and work involved. There has, until recently, been little attention devoted toward the conditioning of kriging matrices. This article considers implications of conditioning upon numerical stability, instead of on robustness which has been the main focus of past work. The effect of properties of the stationary covariance matrix on the conditioning of the kriging matrix is discussed. The relationship between the covariance and autocorrelation functions allows some conclusions about the conditioning of covariance matrices, based on past work in deconvolution. The conditioning of some coefficient matrices of stationary kriging, defined in terms of either the semivariogram or the covariance, is examined.