富锂盐湖中锂的物质来源和流体来源

锂资源是新技术、民用和军工行业的重要原料,全球富锂盐湖多分布在板块俯冲带和碰撞带以及板块转换带,卤水中的锂资源量占全球锂资源总量的80%。富锂盐湖中的锂主要来自于深部和浅部的水-岩作用、早期的含盐岩系以及岩浆作用,其次是盆地周围岩石的风化以及大气来源。富锂盐湖流体主要来源是大气降水、地表水、地下水、再循环卤水和岩浆水以及其它流体。地表水和地下水为富锂盐湖中锂的重要来源,其次是岩浆水和再循环卤水。岩浆作用对于富锂盐湖的形成至关重要,其不仅直接为富锂盐湖带来了成矿物质和成矿流体,还为其中的水—岩反应提供了热源。不过,幔源组成对于富锂盐湖的贡献度还需要作进一步研究。     

西藏古大湖成盐模式的提出与分析探讨

根据目前对青藏高原第四系及古环境研究的最新进展,提出了西藏地区盐湖成盐的模式———古大湖成盐模式,并列举了诸多具有说服力的证据,为研究盐湖矿产形成规律和进一步开发利用,促进西藏经济发展,将产生积极的影响。     

察尔汗盐湖别勒滩区段晶间卤水的主要离子分布特征

通过野外采集样品、室内实验分析,研究了察尔汗盐湖别勒滩区段晶间卤水的主要离子分布特征。采集了53个晶间卤水样品,通过分析,发现K+浓度一般随着深度的增加而减小,Li+浓度一般随着深度的增加而增加,Mg2+浓度随着深度增加浓度也在增加,但异常情况同样存在。Li+,B2O3在空间分布上有一个富集区域,越是远离这一区域离子含量就越低;K+含量则存在两个临界点,在临界点附近相关离子浓度和矿化度会变化。     

晚第四纪柴达木盆地盐湖成盐期与冰期对比方案的再认识

文章以柴达木盆地察汗斯拉图、昆特依和一里坪盐湖共计6个中更新统—全新统含盐地层剖面为研究对象,通过铀系测年和光释光测年测定其成盐年代,利用X射线衍射分析测定其盐类矿物种类.察汗斯拉图D19剖面芒硝和石盐层的铀系年代为(231.5±19.5)～(239.5±40.4)ka BP,对应于深海氧同位素阶段(MIS)7早期;昆...     

Major and trace element geochemistry of neutral and acidic thermal springs at El Chichón volcano,Mexico: Implications for monitoring of the volcanic activity

Four groups of thermal springs with temperatures from 50 to 80 °C are located on the S–SW–W slopes of El Chichón volcano, a composite dome-tephra edifice, which exploded in 1982 with a 1 km wide, 160 m deep crater left. Very dynamic thermal activity inside the crater (variations in chemistry and migration of pools and fumaroles, drastic changes in the crater lake volume and chemistry) contrasts with the stable behavior of the flank hot springs during the time of observations (1974–2005). All known groups of hot springs are located on the contact of the basement and volcanic edifice, and only on the W–SW–S slopes of the volcano at almost same elevations 600–650 m asl and less than 3 km of direct distance from the crater. Three groups of near-neutral (pH ≈ 6) springs at SW–S slopes have the total thermal water outflow rate higher than 300 l/s and are similar in composition. The fourth and farthest group on the western slope discharges acidic (pH ≈ 2) saline (10 g/kg of Cl) water with a much lower outflow rate (< 10 l/s).     

西台吉乃尔盐湖矿区地下卤水钾、镁、锂、硼的时空变化特征

分析了西台吉乃尔盐湖矿区地下卤水中K、Mg、B2O3、Li等4种组分的时空变化特征。结果表明,它们在矿区西北部表现出明显的高值且基本不随时间而变化,这很可能与该区域原始卤水成分有关。由于地表水对地下卤水的淡化作用,这些组分在南部或西南部表现为低值。观测时段的中后期,四种组分的变化较显著,显示出采卤活动对其变化产生了影响。B2O3的高值区主要呈N-W-SE向带状分布,这似乎与该地区的构造背景密切相关。     

吉兰泰盐湖卤水化学动态变化的灰色—马尔科夫过程预测分析

卤水中的化学成分因受多种因素影响,使其在时间序列上的变化波动强烈而规律难循。灰色—马尔科夫过程预测是预测事物在时间序列上发展趋势的一种良好有效的统计分析手段,它将灰色系统预测法和马尔科夫过程预测法有效结合,既弥补了两种方法各自的缺点,又能充分考虑数据给予的信息,可以大大提高随机波动较大数据序列的预测精度。本文用灰色—马尔科夫过程预测法对吉兰泰盐湖卤水中几种主要离子浓度的变化进行了趋势分析,分析结果发现几种离子浓度的变化均有一定的规律性,而且这些离子在预测数据的变化规律同原始实测数据变化规律有很好的一致性。     

Sedimentary pellets as an ice-cover proxy in a High Arctic ice-covered lake

Sediment aggregates (“sedimentary pellets”) within the sedimentary record of Lake A (83°00′ N, 75°30′ W), Ellesmere Island, Canada, are used to construct a 1000 year proxy record of ice-cover extent and dynamics on this perennially ice-covered, High Arctic lake. These pellets are interpreted to form during fall or early winter when littoral sediment adheres to ice forming around the lake’s periphery or during summer through the development of anchor ice. The sediment likely collects in ice interstices and is concentrated in the upper ice layers through summer surface ice melt and winter basal ice growth. The pellets remain frozen in the ice until a summer or series of summers with reduced ice cover allows for their deposition across the lake basin. Sedimentary pellet frequency within multiple sediment cores is used to develop a chronology of ice-cover fluctuations. This proxy ice-cover record is largely corroborated by a record of unusual sedimentation in Lake A involving iron-rich, dark-orange to red laminae overlying more diffuse laminae with a lighter hue. This sediment sequence is hypothesized to represent years with reduced ice cover through increased chemocline ventilation and iron deposition. During the past millennium, the most notable period of inferred reduced ice cover is ca. 1891 AD to present. Another period of ice cover mobility is suggested ca. 1582–1774 AD, while persistent ice cover is inferred during the 1800s and prior to 1582 AD. The proxy ice-cover record corresponds well with most regional melt-season proxy temperature and paleoecological records, especially during the 1800s and 1900s.

The role of iron and sulfur in the visual appearance of lake sediment varves

Easily discernible sediment varves (annual laminations) may be formed in temperate zone lakes, and reflect seasonal changes in the composition of the accumulating material derived from the lake and its catchment (minerogenic and organic material). The appearance of varves may also be influenced by chemical processes. We assessed the role of iron (Fe) and sulfur (S) in the appearance of varves in sediments from Lake Nylandssjön in northern Sweden. We surveyed Fe in the lake water and established whether there is internal transport of Fe within the sediment. We used a unique collection of seven stored freeze cores of varved sediment from the lake, collected from 1979 to 2004. This suite of cores made it possible to follow long-term changes in Fe and S in the sediment caused by processes that occur in the lake bottom when the sediment is ageing. We compared Fe and S concentrations using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) in specific years in the different cores. No diagenetic front was found in the sediment and the data do not suggest that there is substantial vertical transport of Fe and S in the sediment. We also modeled Fe and S based on thermodynamic, limnological, and sediment data from the lake. The model was limited to the five components H⁺, e^?, Fe³⁺, SO₄ ^2?, H₂CO₃ and included the formation of solid phases such as Fe(OH)₃ (amorphous), FeOOH (aged, microcrystalline), FeS and FeCO₃. Modeling showed that there are pe (redox) ranges within which either FeS or Fe(OH)₃/FeOOH is the only solid phase present and there are pe ranges within which the two solid phases co-exist, which supports the hypothesis that blackish and grey-brownish layers that occur in the varves were formed at the time of deposition. This creates new possibilities for deciphering high-temporal-resolution environmental information from varves.