东濮凹陷沙三段致密砂岩储层裂缝形成机制及对储层物性的影响

为探讨东濮凹陷沙三段储层裂缝的发育特征、形成机制、主控因素及其对储层的影响,综合运用岩心观察、薄片鉴定、扫描电镜、流体包裹体分析等方法对裂缝进行了研究。结果表明:东濮凹陷沙三段储层中发育的裂缝按规模可分为宏观裂缝和微观裂缝两大类,按成因可分为构造缝、超压缝和成岩缝。构造缝走向以NNE向、NE向为主,其形成可分为两期,分别为40～35 Ma沙河街组沉积中后期和25～18 Ma东营组沉积末期。超压缝的形成与膏盐脱水、烃类充注和膏盐层封堵作用有关,形成于33～25 Ma东营组沉积时期。压实作用、溶解作用、收缩作用等成岩作用均可形成微裂缝。裂缝的形成序列为:早期构造缝-压裂缝-溶解缝-超压缝-收缩缝-晚期构造缝-溶解缝-压裂缝;裂缝的发育可以改善储层物性,宏观裂缝主要起渗流作用,微观裂缝既可作为有效的储集空间,又可作为酸性流体流动通道,产生次生孔隙带,提高储层孔隙度。     

Damage localization of marine risers using time series of vibration signals

Based on dynamic response signals a damage detection algorithm is developed for marine risers. Damage detection methods based on numerous modal properties have encountered issues in the researches in offshore oil community. For example, significant increase in structure mass due to marine plant/animal growth and changes in modal properties by equipment noise are not the result of damage for riser structures. In an attempt to eliminate the need to determine modal parameters, a data-based method is developed. The implementation of the method requires that vibration data are first standardized to remove the influence of different loading conditions and the autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model is used to fit vibration response signals. In addition, a damage feature factor is introduced based on the autoregressive (AR) parameters. After that, the Euclidean distance between ARMA models is subtracted as a damage indicator for damage detection and localization and a top tensioned riser simulation model with different damage scenarios is analyzed using the proposed method with dynamic acceleration responses of a marine riser as sensor data. Finally, the influence of measured noise is analyzed. According to the damage localization results, the proposed method provides accurate damage locations of risers and is robust to overcome noise effect.     

Rockburst research at Falconbridge's Strathcona Mine,Sudbury, Canada

Microseismic systems at five mines in the Sudbury Basin provide the basic data for Falconbridge Limited's rockburst research. Daily and long-term analysis of this data as well as underground observations have confirmed the fault-slip mechanism at three mines. A detailed analysis of the complete history of Falconbridge Mine is being conducted and Distinct Element numerical models are being used to simulate both the stick-slip behaviour of faults and the dynamic effects of the induced vibrations on rock and backfill. University research includes acoustic tomographic imaging of the rock mass based on seismic wave propagation and collection of full microseismic waveforms to allow application of advanced seismic and statistical analysis techniques.Formerly with Mines Technical Services, Falconbridge Limited, Sudbury Operations, Falconbridge , Ont., P0M 1S0.Presented at the Fred Leighton Memorial Workshop on Mining Induced Seismicity, Montreal, Canada, August 30, 1987.     

Focal mechanism dependence of static stress triggering of earthquakes

We perform a global statistical investigation into the problem of Coulomb stress triggering of earthquakes by using the Harvard CMT catalogue of shallow earthquakes from 1976 to 2001. We consider ‘earthquake pairs’, i.e., pairs of successive earthquakes occurring near each other with similar focal mechanisms, and address the problem of whether or not the change of the Coulomb failure stress (CFS) produced by the first earthquake of the pair ‘encourages’ the occurrence of the second one. An interesting feature is that such a Coulomb stress-triggering phenomenon has an apparent focal mechanism dependence: for thrust earthquakes, a more evident triggering effect can be observed.     

城市土地集约利用与区域城市化的时空耦合协调发展评价——以环渤海地区城市为例

处于城市化不同发展水平的城市,其土地集约利用的利用强度、利用形式与利用类型存在显著差异,城市土地利用最佳集约度与城市化水平密切相关,而城市土地集约利用与城市化的耦合协调可有效推动城市可持续发展。基于城市土地集约利用与城市化的交互耦合作用机制,本文构建两者之间的耦合协调发展度模型,定量评价城市土地集约利用与城市化的耦合协...     

中国高学历流动人口流动的空间特征及形成机制

进入创新驱动发展的新时代,未取得流入地户籍的高学历流动人口成为各地竞相引进的重要资源。本文基于2017年中国流动人口动态监测数据,结合探索性空间数据分析等方法精细刻画高学历流动人口流动的空间格局,并借助嵌套Logit模型揭示其空间选择机制。结果发现：(1)中国高学历流动人口不断集聚,形成以京、沪为核心的流动网络;各城市流出的人口中高学历人才占比在空间上具有明显的“东高西低、北高南低、中部塌陷”特征,但各城市吸引的流动人口受教育水平在南北方向上的空间分异较小;高学历流动人口流动的空间依赖性显著,呈现出城市群的雏形。(2)在机制方面,个体因素对高学历流动人口的空间选择影响更大;其普遍表现出近距离、跨级别向上流动的倾向;学历越高、户籍所在地行政等级越高、50岁以下年龄越大的人才越倾向于流入一线城市。(3)城市特征变量中,经济因素变量如工资水平、第三产业占比等和地方品质变量如公共服务、高等教育、空气质量等均对高学历流动人口的空间选择具有显著的正向作用。本研究为不同城市制定人才引进政策、促进城市高质量发展提供了实证依据和科学参考。     

浙西金鸡岩金矿床成矿特征与成矿机理研究

对浙西金鸡岩金矿进行了流体包裹体、岩石和矿石地球化学研究,以阐明其成矿特征和成矿机理．金鸡岩金矿是由多阶段成矿作用形成的,第一阶段以钼矿化为主,成矿温度较高;第二和第三阶段以金矿化为主,成矿温度较低．该金矿的成矿压力小、深度浅．成矿流体具低盐度、弱酸性及较高矿化度的特点,其中尚有大量大气水的混入．区内的前寒武纪浅变质岩系属于原始矿源层,而中生代火山岩,特别是次火山岩属于直接矿源岩．就成矿机理来看,金主要是呈金硫络合物形式迁移的,其次是被硅胶吸附呈胶体状态迁移的,而成矿流体的温度和压力下降、ｐＨ值降低以及溶液的氧化还原电位改变是导致金沉淀的重要因素．区内胶体金的沉淀主要是由于温度的降低和电解质的加入引起凝胶作用,使金随硅胶一同沉淀的．     

汉南杂岩高桥沟花岗斑岩体岩石地球化学特征及侵位机制时代归属探讨

高桥沟花岗斑岩体位于扬子板块北缘,属于汉南杂岩的一部分。锆石LA−MCP−MS U−Pb定年结果显示其形成时代为（794.4±5.7）Ma,为南华纪早期。岩石地球化学特征为高Si（75.78%～76.51%）、富碱(K2O＋Na2O=7.78%～7.84%)、富K（K2O/Na2O=1.07～1.10),属高钾钙碱性系列。稀土总量∑REE为272.57×10–6,轻重稀土元素组之间分馏明显。二长花岗斑岩形成于岩浆演化中晚期阶段,岩浆上侵过程中部分熔融沉积岩、火山岩物质。高桥沟花岗斑岩体形成于后造山构造环境,强力就位的侵位机制。     

构造控制型天然气水合物矿藏及其特征

构造环境是天然气水合物富集成藏的重要控制因素,增生楔、断裂体系、褶皱、(泥)底辟、滑塌等特殊构造体是影响天然气水合物成藏的主要地质载体。通过对这些特殊构造体与天然气水合物成藏关系的研究,结合流体活动对水合物形成的影响,总结出陆缘地区有增生楔型、盆缘斜坡型、埋藏背斜型、断褶型、滑塌型及底辟型等六类构造控制型水合物矿藏。南海位于欧亚板块、太平洋板块及印澳板块的交汇处,早期为活动陆缘,晚期演化为被动陆缘,其构造活动具有早期张裂、后期挤压的特点,这既不同于被动陆缘,也有别于活动陆缘,可视为“复合型”大陆边缘,兼具了“被动陆缘沉积速率高、活动陆缘构造活跃”的优点,从而形成了“增生楔型、断褶型、底辟型、滑塌型、盆缘斜坡型”等多种构造控制型水合物矿藏,是“复合型”大陆边缘水合物成藏地质模式的典型代表。     

老泥石流堆积体上地质灾害的成灾机理及防治对策

在人类工程活动诱发下,老泥石流堆积体上的地质灾害尚未引起人们的充分注意。以川藏线二郎山隧道西引道公路别托段穿越的老泥石流堆积体为例,介绍其形成演化过程和物质结构特征,分析沿线各地质灾害点的成因,总结在这类流堆积体上进行人类工程活动时地质灾害的成灾机理及防治对策。