Influence of boundary conditions,specimen geometry and material heterogeneity on model calibration from triaxial tests

The recent capability of measuring full‐field deformations using advanced imaging techniques provides the opportunity to improve the predictive ability of computational soil mechanics. This paper investigates the effects of imperfect initial specimen geometry, platen‐soil and apparatus compliance, and material heterogeneity on the constitutive model calibration process from triaxial tests with nonlubricated platens. The technique of 3D‐Digital Image Correlation (3D‐DIC) was used to measure, from digital images, full‐field displacements over sand specimen surfaces throughout triaxial compression tests, as well as actual specimen initial shape, and deformations associated with platen and apparatus compliance and bedding settlement. The difference between predicted and observed 3D specimen surface deformations served to quantify an objective function in the optimization algorithm. Four different three‐dimensional finite element models (FEMs), each allowing varying degrees of material variability in the solution of the inverse problem, were used to study the effect of material heterogeneity. Results of the parametric study revealed that properly representing the actual initial specimen geometry significantly improves the optimization efficiency, and that accounting for boundary compliance can be critical for the accurate recovery of the full‐field experimental displacements. Allowing for nonsymmetric material variability had the most significant impact on predicted behavior. A relatively high coefficient of variation in model parameters was found among a statistical ensemble of tests, underscoring the importance of conducting multiple tests for proper material characterization. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Numerical investigation of the resistance of precast RC pinned beam‐to‐column connections under shear loading

In precast technology, the effective design and construction are related to the behaviour of the connections between the structural members in order to cater for all service, environmental and earthquake load conditions. Therefore, the design and detailing of the connections should be undertaken consistently and with awareness of the desired structural response. In the research presented herein, an analytical expression is proposed for the prediction of the resistance of precast pinned connections under shear monotonic and cyclic loading. The proposed formula addresses the case where the failure of the connection occurs with simultaneous flexural failure of the dowel and compression failure of the concrete around the dowel, expected to occur either when (i) adequate concrete cover of the dowels is provided (d > 6 D) or (ii) adequate confining reinforcement (as defined in the article) is foreseen around the dowels in the case of small concrete covers (d < 6 D). The expression is calibrated against available experimental data and numerical results derived from a nonlinear numerical investigation. Emphasis is given to identifying the effect of several parameters on the horizontal shear resistance of the connection such as: the number and diameter of the dowels; the strength of materials (concrete, grout, steel); the concrete cover of the dowels; the thickness of the elastomeric pad; the type of shear loading (monotonic or cyclic); the pre‐existing axial stress in the dowels; and the rotation of the joint. In addition, recommendations for the design of precast pinned beam‐to‐column connections are given, especially when the connections are utilised in earthquake resistant structures. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于梯度塑性本构理论的岩样侧向变形分析(II): 尺寸效应及弹性回跳

提出了利用不同尺寸试件的轴向应力-应变曲线得到轴向应力-侧向应变曲线的一种方法，并研究了结构尺寸对轴向应力-侧向应变曲线的影响。根据尺寸不同试件的轴向应力-轴向应变曲线的实验结果，并基于梯度塑性理论的解析解，在应变软化阶段，确定出了各种试件的剪切带条数。由此求出了不同宽度试样的轴向应力-侧向应变曲线。剪切带条数与试件宽度之比是决定轴向应力-侧向应变曲线特征的关键指标。若该比率为常量，则上述曲线不具有尺寸效应。当宽试件及窄试件在局部化启动后，在试件内部都出现一条剪切带时，随着试件宽度的增加，该曲线越陡，甚至出现回跳。上述方法也可用于分析轴向应力-环向应变曲线的尺寸效应问题。尺寸效应的原因是局部化，但局部化并非总引起尺寸效应。     

对合成2,4,6-三异丙基-1,3,5-三氧杂环已烷的改进(英文)

报道一种以环已烷为溶剂由异丁醛经环化三聚合成2,4,6-三异丙基-1,3,5三氧杂环已烷的方法。与苯作溶剂的方法相比,其优点是产物的收率高、毒性低。同时提出一种异丁醛环化三聚的反应机理。     

岩石三轴试验机的现状及发展趋势

30多年来国内几乎没有关于岩石三轴试验机发展状况的全面介绍资料。为了国内大专院校、科研院所和生产厂家能够更好地分析、设计和制造岩石三轴试验机,在收集大量的参考资料,回顾试验机的发展历史,深入调研和分析的基础上,总结并介绍了国内常规和真三轴两大类岩石三轴试验机,同时介绍了蠕变、静动态、高低温和剪切等岩石试验机的发展状况。列举了国内具有代表性的部分用户使用的不同性能的岩石三轴试验机及其参数。指出今后的岩石试验机将会向CT扫描、三轴剪切渗流、三轴仿真试验系统和原位真三轴试验系统方向发展的趋势。相关内容既可以为研制岩石三轴试验机提供参考,也可以为用户选购试验机提供帮助。     

海上风电桩基础竖向承载力循环弱化简化分析

提出了一个考虑循环衰减作用的软黏土弹塑性损伤弱化模型,在此模型基础上建立了一个基于剪切位移法的单桩竖向承载力简化计算方法,并利用大型有限元软件进行了不同循环荷载水平下单桩竖向承载力的计算。为了证明简化方法的准确性与有效性,将计算结果与有限元计算结果进行对比,二者的吻合度较高。先期循环荷载能引起单桩竖向承载力弱化,并且弱化程度随先期循环荷载水平的增加而增加。最后将简化方法应用于某海上风电场桩基础承载力的计算中,结果表明,提出的简化方法可应用于实际工程问题的分析。     

固结度对长江漫滩相软土抗剪强度的影响

为探究长江漫滩相软土的抗剪强度特征,采用静三轴仪对南京长江漫滩相原状软土进行一系列试验,探讨不同固结条件下漫滩相软土抗剪强度的变化规律。结果表明：当固结度在60%～100%时,增大初始有效围压可在一定程度上提高抗剪强度;在相同围压下,抗剪强度随固结度的增加均规律性增大。以完全固结时的抗剪强度值τf,100%为参考,给出不同固结度下τf对应的折减系数,同时分别给出内摩擦角和黏聚力随固结度的变化关系,为长江漫滩区建设工程地基设计与施工提供参考依据。     

突额薄板蟹（十足目：短尾下目：膜壳蟹科)雄性特征首次描述

薄板蟹隶属于十足目,短尾下目,膜壳蟹科,是一类小型蟹类,主要分布于印度洋 西太平洋区域,目前已报道了27种。突额薄板蟹新种发表时仅有一雌性标本,缺乏雄性个体特征,至今无人报道,然而雄性特征是螃蟹分类鉴定非常重要的指标。作者在浙江象山港海域采集到2只该种标本（包含一只雄性）,雄性个体为该种的首次记录,其主要鉴别特征有：头胸甲近三角形,长大于宽;额向前突出形成三角形额角,具明显的额腹脊;颊区具一三角形小叶;爱德华兹开口仅愈合不到一半;步足细长,指节后缘具浓密的刚毛,近末端具2齿;腹部分5节,尾节三角形;第一腹肢背缘近末端具2根短刚毛,腹缘则具7根长刚毛。     

考虑砂土地基预制桩侧向挤土影响的单桩承载力分析研究

预制桩的沉桩过程产生了对桩周土体的挤密作用,桩周土体的力学特性发生了相应的改变,这种改变会直接影响预制桩桩基础的承载力。利用有限元计算分析方法对砂性土地基预制桩沉桩过程进行了数值求解,得到了桩周土体的位移和应力变化规律;在应力路径控制的三轴试验中,模拟土体在受到预制桩沉桩影响的应力状态,试验研究了标准砂在再受荷载作用时的力学特性;在荷载传递法中,运用桩周土体性质的变化试验结果,进行了有限差分数值分析,得到了考虑和不考虑挤土作用的单桩P-S曲线。研究结果表明：预制桩的沉桩过程对桩周土中的径向和轴向应力都有明显的影响,对径向应力的影响大于对轴向应力的影响;挤土效应提高了桩周土的剪切模量值和强度,影响范围大致相当;考虑沉桩侧向挤土影响单桩承载特性有明显的提高,现行的预制桩设计偏于安全。     

一种基于热力学原理的密砂模型

从热力学定律出发,利用自由能函数和耗散函数,通过严格的理论推导得到屈服函数、流动法则和硬化规律。在临界状态模型的框架内,将基于热力学基础的各向异性模型和特定的旋转硬化规律结合起来,提出了一种新的处理方法用来模拟密砂在三轴试验中的变形曲线。给定多组模型参数,计算排水和不排水三轴试验,并简单讨论了模型参数对曲线规律的影响,结果表明这种方法是有效的。通过屈服面在变形不同阶段采用不同的旋转方向,能够考虑密砂的复杂试验曲线特征,又由模型的热力学基础保证了屈服面和剪胀函数的协调。这种方法确定的模型结构严密,适应性强,可以描述大范围土体的特性,且简单易于使用。