Earth Pressure on Caissons in Marine Clay Under Cyclic Loading

Coastal protection is proposed to be made out of a contiguous caisson type of wall. These caissons can be designed to resist both lateral static and cyclic loading. With adequate depth of embedment, the walls can be designed to offer significant lateral passive resistance to counteract the lateral static and cyclic loading arising out of wave action. This article describes a set of laboratory tests on model caissons embedded into soft marine clay with different embedment depths. Specially designed earth pressure cells are embedded into the caisson at different depths. A pneumatic system was used to apply lateral static and cyclic loading. Test beds were prepared conforming to soft clay conditions in a test tank of appropriate size. The test results reveal that with this type of arrangement the variation in earth pressure with depth can be conveniently established. The earth pressure developed is related to the lateral load applied. The depth at which the maximum earth pressure occurs is same for both static and cyclic loading. Further, under cyclic loading there is no failure encountered even under cyclic loading level corresponding to 0.9 times the ultimate static lateral capacity.     

循环应力下饱和黏土剪切变形特性试验研究

针对饱和重塑黏土,利用土工静力-动力液压三轴-扭转多功能剪切仪,在不固结不排水(UU)条件下进行了应力控制式循环扭剪和竖向-扭转耦合试验,通过对试验结果的对比分析探讨了初始预剪应力和应力反向对应力-应变关系特性的影响,并阐述了不同加荷模式下孔隙水压力发展特性。以此为基础,综合考虑剪切变形和正向偏差变形的共同效应,同时为了能够反映平均残余变形和循环变形的影响,建议了一个综合应变破坏标准的算式。进而通过利用试验数据与目前常用的应变标准比较,表明这种破坏标准具有普遍适用性和较好的稳定性,适用于判定各种应力条件下黏土试样破坏及其强度。     

Experimental investigation of the effect of grading characteristics on the liquefaction resistance of various graded sands

The liquefaction susceptibility of various graded fine to medium saturated sands are evaluated by stress controlled cyclic triaxial laboratory tests. Cyclic triaxial tests are performed on reconstituted specimens having global relative density of 60%. In all cyclic triaxial tests; loading pattern is selected as a sinusoidal wave form with 1.0 Hz frequency, and effective consolidation pressure is chosen to be 100 kPa. Liquefaction resistance is defined as the required cyclic stress ratio which caused initial liquefaction in 10 cycles during the cyclic triaxial test. The results are used to draw relationship between grading characteristics (e.g. coefficient of uniformity and coefficient of curvature) and the liquefaction resistance of various graded sands. It is found that a relationship between cyclic resistance and any of the size (i.e. D₁₀, D₃₀ or D₆₀) would be more realistic than to build a relation between grading characteristics and the cyclic resistance.     

800MPa高温高压三轴室设计研究

本文简要介绍了800 MPa高温高压三轴室的结构与强度设计要点.三轴室工作压力可达800 MPa,最高实验温度为400℃,岩样尺寸为φ38×82mm,三层缩套型筒体.简述了筒体、上柱塞、测量引线密封结构及芯部组件结构.并介绍了筒体强度设计原理及高压下的筒体应变实测结果.     

XH-100多功能三轴仪与花岗岩残积土动力特性研究

本文首先介绍一种新型的多功能三轴试验仪——HX-100 多功能三轴仪;然后联合Drnevich 型共振柱仪对花岗岩残积土的动力特性进行了试验研究,由此探讨由两种仪器联合测定动力参数的可行性;最后分析了花岗岩残积土动应力应变关系,动剪切模量和阻尼比变化的某些特性。     

Sample preparation effects on illite crystallinity measurement: grain-size gradation and particle orientation

Abstract Specimen thickness is the main experimental factor controlling the results of illite crystallinity (IC) or crystallite size measurements on sedimentation slides. Different values obtained from thick and thin preparations are due to grain-size gradation effects, which may exclude larger and higher ordered grains from contributing to the diffraction. Orientation effects control the measured peak intensity. The change from poor particle orientation in thick slides to high orientation in very thin slides is marked by an increase in specimen density, diminishing non-basal reflections, and by a strong increase in peak intensity. A plateau with constant peak breadths is observed if thin slides of well ordered, platy illites are used. A similar plateau can be recognized for thick preparations of specimens from less ordered materials, but not from well ordered ones. Therefore, it is suggested that IC is determined on very thin sedimentation slides with a thickness of 0.25 mg/cm² or less. Ultrasonic and H₂O₂ treatments enhance the degree of particle orientation by destruction of grain aggregates and organic compounds, leading to smaller peak breadths and higher intensities.     

长江三角洲南通地区第四纪地层马尔柯夫链综合分析

本文简要论述了马尔柯夫链的基本方法,并试图利用此法对长江三角洲地区第四纪地层剖面作综合分析。文中以南通地区两个有代表性的钻孔剖面为例,采用马尔柯夫链极限概率分析、置换分析、熵分析、旋回类型分析和地层模拟,对两钻孔剖面作了综合对比分析。结果表明,马尔柯夫链分析方法是该区第四纪地层分析的一种行之有效的方法。     

不良岩层现场大型三轴压缩流变试验及流变模拟分析

本文较详细地介绍了现场大型真三轴试验的过程,对试验结果做了详细的讨论,根据变形与时间的关系曲线,以伯格模型作为理论模型,建立理论流变方程。对试验曲线进行描述,得出了流变模型中各参数,很好地反映了不良岩层的流变特征。     

Behavior of Loose Silty Sand of Chlef River: Effect of Low Plastic Fine Contents and Other Parameters

This article presents a laboratory study of static behavior of silty-sand soils. The objective of this laboratory investigation is to study the effect of initial confining pressures and fines content on the undrained shear strength (known as liquefaction resistance) response, pore pressure, and hydraulic conductivity of sand–silt mixtures. The triaxial tests were conducted on reconstituted saturated silty-sand samples at initial relative density D_r = 15% with fines content ranging from 0 to 50%. All the samples were subjected to a range of initial confining pressures (50, 100, and 200 kPa). The obtained results indicate that the presence of low plastic fines in sand–silt mixture leads to a more compressible soil fabric, and consequently to a significant loss in the soil resistance to liquefaction. The evaluation of the data indicates that the undrained shear strength can be correlated to fines content (F_c), inter-granular void ratio (e_g), and excess of pore pressure (Δu). The undrained shear strength decreases with the decrease of saturated hydraulic conductivity and the increase of fines content for all confining pressures under consideration. There is a relatively high degree of correlation between the peak shear strength (q_peak) and the logarithm of the saturated hydraulic conductivity (k_sat) for all confining pressures.     

水岩作用下露天矿坑蚀变岩三轴压缩试验分析

本文研究水位升降对边坡稳定的影响。选取莱州仓上露天矿坑边坡蚀变岩样,对不同饱水-失水循环次数的蚀变岩进行了三轴压缩试验。对SγJH粘聚力与循环次数关系、内摩擦角与循环次数关系做了回归分析,考虑到粘聚力受水岩作用影响较大,构建粘聚力与应变软化参数联系方程,描述峰后粘聚力变化。进一步分析饱水-失水溶液成分,讨论饱水-失水循环对蚀变岩力学性质损伤机理。结果表明,随循环次数增加,SγJH内摩擦角呈指数形式减小,粘聚力呈二次多项式形式降低;峰后粘聚力随轴向应变变化规律可用双曲函数描述。关于蚀变岩受水岩作用影响机理,从水物理角度看,SγJH内部的微缺陷进一步发展,导致其力学性质的改变;从水化学角度,SγJH中由蚀变产生的黄铁矿及碳酸盐成分发生水解或离子交换,力学性质发生变化。水位升降时蚀变岩粘聚力变化明显,对边坡稳定性有较大影响。