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水平层状介质中基于DTA的三维电磁波逆散射快速模拟算法

为提高水平层状介质中三维电磁波散射和逆散射数值模拟的效率,在对角张量近似(DTA)的基础上根据不同回代方式得到了求解积分方程的DTA1和DTA2两种近似. 这两种近似可以作为计算积分方程稳定型双共轭梯度快速Fourier变换(BCGS-FFT)算法的初始猜测值和预条件因子,从而形成效率更高的混合DTA-BCGS算法. 散射实例说明了DTA2的高精度和混合DTA-BCGS算法尤其是混合DTA2-BCGS算法的高效率. 由于DTA2近似程度更高,将DTA2与变型Born迭代反演方法(DBIM)相结合形成了一种对三维异常体进行重构的快速电磁波逆散射技术. 文中的逆散射实例说明所开发的逆散射技术对重构水平层状介质中的任意三维异常体是非常有效的.     

近岸水体异源遥感反射率产品的融合方法研究

数据融合能够综合利用多源遥感数据优势,获取高空间分辨率和高测量精度的遥感影像,对于近岸水体生态环境监测和灾害预警均具有重要意义。但目前使用的数据融合方法多是针对内陆水体或大洋水体的,其在近岸水体的适用性仍需进一步评估,因而本文开展了近岸水体遥感数据融合方法的对比研究。本文以高空间分辨率的Sentinel-2 MSI影像和中等空间分辨率的Sentinel-3 OLCI影像为数据源,分别开展了基于小波变换（WTBF）、生物光学模型（BOBF）和混合像元分解（IUBF）三种方法的数据融合实验,并在此基础上借助现场实测遥感反射率（Remote-sensing Reflectance,Rrs）数据与融合影像对应点的平均相对误差（MRE）、均方根误差（RMSE）、偏差（bias）和平均梯度对各种方法的融合数据质量和区域适用性进行了评估。结果表明：（1） OLCI的Rrs数据精度高于MSI。其中MSI在443 nm、560 nm和665 nm三个波段的MRE、RMSE均高于OLCI,表明MSI的Rrs精度相对OLCI较低;目视效果和平均梯度表明MSI的清晰度高于OLCI。（2） BOBF是三种方法中...     

Temporal and spatial variability of extreme river flow quantiles in the Upper Vistula River basin,Poland

Temporal and spatial variability in extreme quantile anomalies of seasonal and annual maximum river flows was studied for 41 gauging stations at rivers in the Upper Vistula River basin, Poland. Using the quantile perturbation method, the temporal variability in anomalies was analysed. Interdecadal oscillating components were extracted from the series of anomalies using the Hilbert‐Huang transform method. Period length, part of variance of each component, and part of unexplained variance were assessed. Results show an oscillating pattern in the temporal occurrence of extreme flow quantiles with clusters of high values in the 1960–1970s and since the late 1990s and of low values in the 1980s and at the beginning of the 1990s. The anomalies show a high variability on the right bank of the Upper Vistula River basin during the summer season with the highest values in catchments located in the western and south‐western parts of the basin. River flow extreme quantiles were found to be associated with large‐scale climatic variables from the regions of the North Atlantic Ocean, Scandinavia, Eastern Europe, Asia, and, to a lesser extent, the Pacific Ocean. Similarities between temporal variability of river flows and climatic factors were revealed. Results of the study are important for flood frequency analysis because a long observation period is necessary to capture clusters of high and low river flows.     

日长年际变化,ElNino／南方涛动和大气准两年振荡的小波分析

本文采用1964-1993年期间日长变化序列、海平面气压和纬向风速资料，通过小波变换等技术研究分析日长年际变化与ElNino／南方涛动、大气准两年振荡之间的关系．结果表明，日长年际变化与ElNino／南方涛动存在着相似的谱结构，而且ElNino／南方涛动叠加上大气准两年振荡后，与日长变化序列的小波变换时频谱更趋于一致．本文研究结果证实，ElNino／南方涛动和大气准两年振荡的贡献基本能够解释地球自转的年际变化．     

大地电磁的多尺度反演

对于迭代方式的参数化反演方法,如何使反演结果稳定地收敛到整体极小仍是目前大地电磁（MT）反演中急需解决的问题．本文利用小波变换理论中的多尺度分析方法将大地电磁反问题分解为依赖于尺度变量的反问题序列,然后按尺度从大到小的次序依次求解,求解过程中前一个尺度反问题的解作为下一个尺度反问题的初始模型,直到来出对应于尺度为0的原反问题的解为止．该方法称为多尺度反演方法．数值试验和实际资料的反演结果表明,该方法可有效改善传统广义逆反演方法易陷入局部极小的弊端．     

中国大陆地壳密度差异多尺度反演

利用小波分析方法原理,在对中国布格重力异常多尺度分解的基础上,反演了各种尺度意义下中国大陆地壳的密度差异,给出了中国大陆地壳中相对密度差异的空间分布,为研究中国大陆地壳构造、进行深部地质研究提供了新结果．     

重力异常频率域分离方法及应用

用Ｎｅｔｔｌｅｔｏｎ等人的方法,将区域场与局部异常振幅进行了滤波分离。针对常规多边形滤波器判别速度慢的特点,制定了一种快速判别的计算方案,并进行理论模型验证,最终用于实测重力资料的处理。     

Estimation of codaQ using the maximum likelihood method

A seismic coda wave from local earthquakes is an indication of heterogeneity in the crust and upper mantle, and codaQ (Q _c ) is the parameter defining the temporal decay of the coda wave. ButQ _c estimates obtained with the conventional least-square method are not based on any solid statistical background, assuming the Gaussian distributiona priori. In this study, we propose a statistically reliable estimation method of estimatingQ _c using the maximum likelihood method, and show its validity and usefulness with the data from the 1986 Joint Seismological Research in the western Nagano Prefecture. We found first that theQ _c estimation with the maximum likelihood method is statistically valid and its reliability can be checked with the -square test. Next,Q _c around Ohtaki village, within the studied area, is estimated using the maximum likelihood method. The averageQ _c value at low frequencies (up to 2 Hz) is one of the lowest in the world, which is in harmony with the geological setting of the site condition directly above an active fault.