Changes in diet and niche breadth of a small fish species in response to the flood pulse in a Neotropical floodplain lake

This study tested the hypothesis that the flood pulse affects the diet composition and the niche breadth of Moenkhausia forestii, a small characid fish inhabiting the littoral zone of lakes. To this end, we compared the diet composition (at the population and individual levels) between hydrological periods (high and low water phases) in a floodplain lake of the Upper Paraná River. PERMANOVA revealed differences in the diet between periods (pseudoF_1,38 = 8.5; p < 0.001), with predominant consumption of chironomid larvae and Ephemeroptera (aquatic resources) in the low-water period and an increase in the contribution of terrestrial resources (Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, and Orthoptera) during the high-water period. Based on the PERMDISP results, inter-individual variability in M. forestii diet also differed between periods (F_1,38 = 5.80; p = 0.02), with higher values during the high-water period resulting in a dietary niche expansion. During the low-water period, we observed the dominance of chironomid larvae in the diets of most individuals, resulting in lower inter-individual variability and thus narrower niche breadth. The diet of M. forestii was affected by the flood pulse at both the population and individual levels. The most important difference was found in the origin of food items; during the low-water period, the diet consisted mainly of aquatic resources, and during the high-water period, there was a large contribution of terrestrial resources. This variation is related to the increased availability of allochthonous resources in the high period, when terrestrial areas are flooded by the overflow of the river, thereby increasing the input of resources into the aquatic environment. The increased availability of food resources during this period allowed the expansion of the trophic niche of M. forestii, accompanied by the highest richness (19 items) and the highest evenness of food items. Our findings demonstrated that the flood pulse affected the composition of the M. forestii diet at both the population and individual levels. These results support the importance of the flood pulse, which connects aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, in providing food resources for fish.     

Sr、C同位素对苏皖北部上前寒武系时代的界定

对苏皖北部上前寒武系碳酸盐岩地层系统采集灰岩样品 ,采用弱酸处理方法测定清液部分的 Sr同位素组成 ,对全岩样品测定 C同位素组成。测定结果与 Shields(1999)发表的新元古代古海水 Sr、C同位素组成随时间的演化曲线对比表明 ,苏皖北部上前寒武系是跨越北方青白口系与南方震旦系之间的一段连续地层 ,其时代约从70 0 Ma到 85 0 Ma,该研究进一步印证了淮南生物群属于先伊迪卡拉期的学术观点。     

塔里木盆地北缘上石炭统砂岩碎屑组分及其对物源类型和构造属性的指示

南天山在晚古生代以来经历的一系列碰撞和微板块的拼合事件在塔里木盆地北缘的沉积作用和构造演化中都有明显的反映,而沉积物物源分析是认识盆地演化、解释构造背景的重要途径和方法。根据对塔里木盆地北缘地区多个剖面的研究,上石炭统阿依里河组砂岩碎屑组分以石英为主,其次是长石及各种岩屑,有时含有机质杂基及云母。其中石英平均含量为70.7%(53%～86%),长石平均含量7.1%(5%～17%),岩屑平均含量为22.5%(20%～30%)。物源分析结果表明,砂岩物源主要来自再旋回造山带,并且主要具俯冲消减的缝合带和碰撞造山属性,少量具弧造山属性。结合塔里木北缘晚石炭世的岩相古地理特征,认为物源可能来自于北侧的古天山造山带。     

华北第四纪火山作用研究

根据地层与同位素年代确定华北第四纪火山的时代为更新世 (Qp) ,距今 0 4Ma为火山活动高潮期。山西大同火山群东部火山为拉斑玄武岩 ,西部为碱性玄武岩 ;山东火山岩石碱性最强 ,为橄榄玄武岩 ,Sr同位素87Sr- 86Sr为 0 70 347～ 0 70 4 6 1,推测岩浆为地幔部分熔融的原始岩浆。对玄武岩中幔源包体的矿物进行了大量的电子探针分析 ,计算出其平衡温度为 880～ 110 0℃ ,平衡压力为 0 8～ 2 0GPa。由此推导的上地幔地温线低于由第三纪玄武岩中包体推导的地温线。上地幔的差异应力为 13～ 31MPa ,并随温度的升高而降低 ;应变速率为 7 78× 10 - 2 0 ～ 1 2 1× 10 - 14 s- 1,并随温度的升高而增大。研究结果表明 ,第四纪时期仍然存在上地幔底辟上涌 ,但其规模和活动强度均变弱     

川西坳陷新场气田上三叠统须家河组须四、须二段储集层成岩-储集相及其成岩演化序列

通过对川西坳陷新场气田上三叠统须家河组须四、须二段储集层成岩作用类型及其特征研究,认为储集层主要经历了压实压溶作用、自生矿物胶结作用和溶解作用3种类型。储集层成岩-储集相可以划分成5种,即强溶解成岩-储集相、绿泥石衬边粒间孔成岩-储集相、压实压溶成岩-储集相、碳酸盐胶结成岩-储集相和石英次生加大成岩-储集相。不同的储集层成岩-储集相由于经历了不同的成岩演化序列,使得储集层中的残余原生粒间孔和次生溶孔的形成条件各不一样,储集层中孔隙的保存主要决定于孔隙被压实、自生矿物的充填、多期的溶解作用等因素,并与孔隙中发育的绿泥石衬边有紧密联系。在上述5种成岩-储集相中,有效的成岩-储集相只有两种,即强溶解成岩-储集相和绿泥石衬边粒间孔成岩-储集相,它们对须家河组须四、须二段优质储层的形成起着至关重要的作用,而其它几种成岩-储集相对优质储层的形成是无效的。     

2013年影响湖南的两次相似路径台风暴雨对比分析

应用多种常规观测资料、加密自动气象站资料和NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料,对2013年影响湖南的两次相似路径台风暴雨过程进行了对比分析。研究表明：“尤特”台风暴雨直接由台风环流引起,具有锋前暖区降水的特点;而“天兔”台风暴雨由台风低压倒槽与西风带天气系统相互作用引起的,其降水属于典型的锋面降水。“尤特”由东风带进入西风带,其与副高相对位置的变化是导致其登陆后路径北翘的主要原因。“尤特”低压环流与南海季风相互作用,充沛的水汽输送对台风低压环流的长时间维持以及湘东南暴雨的形成和发展起到了重要的组织和促进作用。而“天兔”登陆后南海季风位置偏南,不利于“天兔”的长时间维持以及向暴雨区的水汽输送。低层暖式切变线附近强辐合与高层强辐散耦合、低层强正涡度与高层负涡度的耦合为“尤特”台风暴雨的发生发展提供了动力条件。由中低层冷空气入侵导致的锋生强迫和高低空急流耦合形成的次级环流,加强了“天兔”低压倒槽内冷暖气流的辐合,是触发倒槽内中尺度对流发展和暴雨产生的重要动力机制。     

鄂尔多斯东南部上古生界层序地层特征

鄂尔多斯东南部上古生界可区分出的三级层序界面类型包括区域不整合、构造体制转化面、区域海退面、河道下切面、区域(暴露面)、煤层、灰岩底界与地层叠置样式转化面.基于层序界面特征分析,上古生界本溪组至石盒子组可划分为2个二级层序,其中本溪组、太原组和山西组为1个二级层序(SS1),石盒子组整体划归为1个二级层序(SS2).每个二级层序由区域性的水进-水退旋回组成,为构造控制型层序.二级层序进一步划分为11个三级层序,即本溪组划分出2个三级层序(SQ1和SQ2)、太原组划分出1个三级层序(SQ3)、山西组划分出2个三级层序(SQ4和SQ5)、石盒子组划分出6个三级层序(SQ6-SQ11).其中SQ1-SQ5为海相及海陆交互相沉积层序,SQ6-SQ11为陆相湖盆沉积层序.基于层序地层特征分析,建立了鄂尔多斯盆地东南部地区层序充填模式,对于沉积体系演化、气藏形成及聚集研究都具有指导性意义.     

Colour origin of upper cretaceous pelagic red sediments within the Eastern Pontides, northeast Turkey

 Characteristic samples of Upper Cretaceous pelagic red sediments from different parts of the Eastern Pontides (NE Turkey) have been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive analyses (SEM/EDAX). The red sediments are composed of limestone and muddy limestone, and characterized by abundant planktonic foraminifers. Hematite content ranges from 0.5 to 3.0 wt.%. Electron microscope observations suggest that the hematite pigment has a diagenetic origin. The red colour is due to presence of hematite pigment, and indicates oxidizing conditions during early diagenesis in a relatively deep marine environment. Received: 4 January 1999 / Accepted: 8 July 1999     

岷江上游流域DEM的河网提取

DEM中包含了丰富的地质地貌、水文等信息,是流域分析的主要数据来源之一。详细介绍了利用DEM数据提取流域水系信息特征的方法,并以岷江上游为例,对DEM进行预处理,然后采用ArcGIS 9.3软件平台下Hydrology模块提供的D8算法来确定水流离开DEM栅格单元的方向,并计算流向各栅格单元的水流累积量,再根据给定的集...     

鄂尔多斯盆地伊盟隆起上古生界储层孔隙结构特征及评价

储层是油气赋存的载体,其孔渗性能决定着后期油气开采难度以及可采数量。在众多影响储层孔渗性能的因素当中,储集层的孔隙结构发挥了关键的作用。通过对鄂尔多斯盆地伊盟隆起上古生界储层岩性以及孔渗参数进行分析,结果表明：石盒子组孔喉连通性及渗流性能最好,其次是山西组,太原组最差;依据压汞资料和毛细管压力曲线形态,孔隙结构类型可以划分为4类;通过孔渗资料统计分析,上古生界砂岩划分4类,并以Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类储层为主;砂体主要为冲积扇辫状水道砂体,曲流河、辫状河河道砂坝砂体以及三角洲平原分流河道砂体。研究结果可以为伊盟隆起区上古生界的油气开发提供依据。