鄂尔多斯盆地西北部上古生界流体包裹体特征及其与油气演化的关系

通过对鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界砂岩成岩作用研究的基础上,对上述岩石流体包裹体进行了初步研究。不同自生矿物或不同期次的胶结矿物捕获的包裹体,其组成和物理化学性质不同,这些特征是油气藏形成演化历史的直接标志。通过包裹体测温资料、成岩矿物期次以及均一化温度、冰点温度、盐度和密度等分析,对流体包裹体在鄂尔多斯盆地西北部油气田形成、演化中的应用作了初步探讨。     

滇中鱼坝村组的建立及陆相侏罗系底界

滇中及相邻地区上三叠统舍资组含煤层与下侏罗统冯家河组红层之间，连续沉积了一套杂色细碎屑岩过渡层。其分布稳定，该层所含化石及磁性地层特征表明其时代属早侏罗世。因此建立下侏罗统鱼坝村组，并确定该组底界为陆相侏罗系的底界。     

川西类前陆盆地晚三叠世须家河期构造演化及层序充填样式

晚三叠世须家河期.龙门山构造活动呈现明显的阶段性。须二段和须四段沉积期为龙门山逆冲推覆活动期,川西类前陆盆地沉积、沉降中心位于靠近盆缘冲断带一侧的前渊坳陷内,盆地两侧以储层发育和沉积极不对称为特征。在盆缘冲断带一侧,随着龙门山造山带构造活动的增强,下切剥蚀力也不断增强,低位体系域相对发育.而高位体系域则因后期暴露剥蚀而保存不完整;在前陆隆起斜坡带一侧,表现为稳定的缓慢隆升,下切侵蚀作用较弱。故低位体系域缺失或不发育,而高位体系域则因后期剥蚀较弱而相对发育。须三段和须五段沉积期为龙门山逆冲推覆休眠期.川西类前陆盆地的沉积、沉降中心向前陆隆起方向迁移,盆地两侧沉积的不对称性也逐渐减弱.以发育区域性盖层和生油层为特征。其层序充填样式与活动期相似。但造山带前缘因构造剥蚀相对减弱而使沉积层序.尤其是高位体系域保存相对完整。而前陆隆起区则主要因沉积物供应不足而使层序发育相对不完整.只保留最大洪泛面附近的沉积。     

中上扬子地区上奥陶统-下志留统烃源岩发育的古环境恢复

上奥陶统-下志留统烃源岩是中国南方海相4套主力区域烃源岩之一,有关它形成与发育环境的研究是南方海相油气成藏理论的基础性问题.本文选择中上扬子南缘2条代表性剖面,对上奥陶统-下志留统沉积岩进行了详细的地球化学分析,提取其中对沉积古环境有指示意义的地化指标,对该段地层的古环境进行了恢复.研究表明,优质烃源岩段主要集中在上奥陶统五峰组和下志留统龙马溪组底部,V/(V+Ni)、Ni/Co、Ceanom、δEu和δ13Corg等地球化学指标与有机碳含量均有较好的相关性,这些指标的异常均表明优质烃源岩发育于缺氧环境.而龙马溪组上部地层的有机碳含量较低,各种地球化学指标也显示,此时缺氧环境遭到了破坏,这与当时的沉积环境多为高能环境、不利于烃源岩发育是一致的.     

黄河上游玛曲草原湍流统计特征分析

湍流运动是大气最基本的运动特征,是大气能量物质交换的主要方式。利用玛曲气候与环境综合观测研究站2006年12月至2007年1月的湍流观测资料,分析了湍流方差特征、湍流动能及湍流强度等湍流统计特征,结果表明:无量纲化的风速脉动σu/u*,σv/u*,σw/u*与稳定度z/L符合1/3次方规律;大气处于中性层结时,在近中性条件下,无量纲化风速方差σu/u*,σv/u*,σw/u*分别趋于常数A=3.42,B=3.34,C=1.02;无因次化温度脉动方差σT/|T*|和湿度脉动方差σq/|q*|与稳定度z/L的变化都比较离散,基本上不能拟合出-1/3次方规律。湍流动能随风速增大而增大,白天比夜间明显,相比之下,夜间湍流动能较小,且随风速的增大比较缓慢;湍流动能随稳定的变化是非常明显的,在稳定度近中性时湍流动能取得最大值。湍流强度Iu,Iv,Iw随风速的增大而减小,当风速在0 m/s5 m/s时,湍流强度变化很小。     

柴北缘上古生界混合沉积特征及控制因素

柴北缘晚古生代发育多种成因机理各异的混积岩与混积层系。混积岩分为蚀源型砂砾岩,碳酸盐岩-粗陆源碎屑混积岩,泥灰岩(灰泥岩)与含化石泥岩三大类。混积层系在不同环境中均有出现,混积相可划分为混积砂砾质碎屑海岸相、混积低能海岸相、混积台地、混积陆棚4类。在此基础上对各类混积岩、混积层系进行了沉积环境、形成机制解释,归纳出3种不同时期的混积相组合并建立沉积模式。构造运动、海平面升降、气候及古坡角的共同作用导致该区混合沉积普遍发育。其中,加里东构造带的存在及近物源沉积是粗碎屑与生屑颗粒混合的先决条件,海平面频繁变化与极缓的古坡角是该区混积岩、混积层系高频发育的直接原因。     

Primordial geodynamics of Southern Carpathian-Balkan basements (Serbo-Macedonian Mass): Avalonian vs. Cadomian arc segments

This review deals with a highly complex set of dismembered peri-Gondwanan exotic polymetamorphic basement systems accommodated outside of the well-explored European Variscides, extending from the controversial Serbo-Macedonian hinterland up to the East Moesian Alpine foreland. The isotopic and limited detrital zircon ages are coupled with the lithotectonic and palinspastic record in order to restore the earliest peri-Gondwanan developments in modern-day South-east Europe (Carpatho-Balkanides and surrounding areas). The results suggest that these rather bewildering, occasionally underexplored tectonometamorphic suites exhibit Cadomian arc inheritance in a flanking part of this belt, whilst inferior Avalonian are positioned more internally.     

西秦岭北缘武山地区上白垩统沙漠相沉积特征

西秦岭广泛但不连续分布着一套晚白垩世红层地层。这套红层地层所代表的原型沉积盆地是西秦岭中生代陆内造山期发育的相互孤立的山间盆地拟或是整体统一红层盆地新生代以来地壳隆升侵蚀破坏的残留一直存在争议。这个争议问题即关乎到对西秦岭中生代末期的构造地貌状态的认识,也关乎到现今青藏高原东北缘新生代以来地壳隆升初始地质背景。通过对西秦岭北缘武山地区上白垩统红层沉积地层中发育的一套砖红色砂岩的沉积序列、沉积构造、粒度分布等宏观地质特征的较详细研究,结合对这套砂岩的矿物成分和显微结构以及石英颗粒SEM表面结构特征的研究,表明这套砖红色砂岩具有如下特征:1）发育典型的大型风成交错层理;2）粒度均匀,分选好,以中-细砂、极细砂组分为主,缺乏粉砂-黏土颗粒组分;3）石英颗粒磨圆度好,表面发育碟形和新月形坑、溶蚀坑、硅质薄膜等风成砂颗粒具有的独特表面特征。据此提出这套砖红色砂岩是典型的沙漠相沉积的新认识,并根据沙漠相沉积类型的识别标志将其分为沙丘沉积和丘间沉积两种沉积类型。秦岭北缘武山地区晚白垩世沙漠相沉积的存在,结合西秦岭腹地同时代的哈达铺、岷县西江等地分布在山顶面的晚白垩世红层地层中存在类似的沙漠相沉积分析,提出了西秦岭晚白垩世不仅处于干旱炎热气候环境,而且曾呈现出地形相对平缓的泛盆地构造地貌状态。这套红层沉积反映了西秦岭晚白垩世为统一红层沉积盆地而非孤立的山间盆地,现今多不连续分布在山顶面之上是新生代以来地壳不均匀隆升和侵蚀共同作用的结果。     

深地震反射剖面揭示的西藏娘热矿集区上地壳结构

深地震反射技术是探测大型成矿带和矿集区深部结构、揭示成矿背景的重要方法。西藏娘热矿集区位于冈底斯成矿带中段,拥有众多铁、铜等多金属矿床。本文通过对其附近的岩浆流体通道等地下结构进行探索,揭示成矿与断裂形成的相辅相成过程。布设了横过矿集区130 km长的深地震反射剖面并进行了层析静校正、去噪、预测反褶积等数据处理,获得了娘热矿集区上地壳结构的反射图像。结合本区地质、地球物理资料,对矿集区上地壳结构进行了研究,指出：区域内存在的7条断裂与冈底斯成矿带矿脉分布具有一定的空间关系;一些如亮点构造的特殊现象控制了岩浆活动的上升通道,与矿床接触关系密切,具有研究价值。     

Seasonal variation of upper layer circulation in the northern part of the East/Japan Sea

Seasonal variation of upper layer circulation in the northern part of the East/Japan Sea and its mechanism were investigated using empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis with satellite sea surface heights over the northern East/Japan Sea and a three-dimensional circulation model. The spatial structure and temporal variation of first EOF mode, which explains about 64% of the total variance, indicate that a large cyclonic circulation in the northern East/Japan Sea shows a semi-annual variation with maximum strength in summer and winter. According to numerical model result, the Liman Cold Current, accepted as a major current in the northern East/Japan Sea, is well mixed vertically by the winter monsoon and the current in the upper layer has a relatively deep structure, with a maximum westward speed of about 20 cm/s in winter. On the other hand, in summer the current has a stronger baroclinic structure of velocity than in winter. Numerical experiments showed that in summer the temporal variation of upper layer circulation is controlled by thermal forcing, such as sea surface heat flux and inflow of heat transport into the East/Japan Sea through the Korea/Tsushima Strait. Moreover, the cyclonic circulation in the upper layer of the northern East/Japan Sea is also generated and strengthened by the positive wind stress curl occupying most of the East/Japan Sea during the winter. The seasonal variation of each forcing that drives the circulation is responsible for the strength or weakness of the upper layer circulation in the northern East/Japan Sea. The contribution of each forcing to the seasonal variation of the upper layer circulation is examined through sensitivity experiments. According to these numerical experiments, the upper layer circulation in the northern East/Japan Sea is strengthened twice a year, in winter and summer, and this semi-annual variation is determined by a combination of wind (winter) and thermal (summer) forcing.