Terraces and Tectonic Uplifts at Yandantu and Changcaogou on the Northern Margin Fault of Altun

The formation of strath and strath terrace is closely related to tectonic uplift in the drainage basin. Based on the investigation of straths at Yandantu and Changcaogou on the eastern segment of the northern margin fault of Altun, and in combination with the paleoclimatic data,the tectonic uplift since late Epipleistocene as revealed by stream terraces at the two places is discussed. At Yandantu, three levels of stream terraces( T1, T2 and T3 )have developed since 16ka BP, where T1, T3 and T2 are fill terraces and the buried major straths are exposed. The ages of three treads are dated to be about 16.1ka BP, 12 .Ska BP and 6.2ka BP, respectively. The three terraces reflect three tectonic uplift events, while the ages of the treads represent the occurrence time of these events. The stream is still beveling the bedrock and widening the channel at present, and the modern strath is being generated. The uplift rate is 4.8～4.5mm/a since 16.1 ka BP in this area. From 12.8ka B .P to 6.2ka BP, The uplift rate was 6.4mm/a.The uplift rate is 3. lmm/a since 6.2ka BP.At Changcaogou, four levels Of stream terraces(T1, T2, T3 and T1)have developed since 7ka BP. All of them are fill terraces. There are buried straths under the deposits. The buried major strath is exposed on T3 and T2 and the minor strath on T1‘and T1. The ages of treads of the three terraces (T3, T2 and T1’) are 7 ka BP, 3 ka BP and 2.5 ka BP, respectively. The four terraces reflect two uplift events induced by tectonic activities. One occurred in about 7 ka BP, and the other in 3ka BP. The uplift rate is 5.gmm/a since 7.0 ka BP at Changcaogou.From 7ka BP to 3ka BP, the uplift rate was 7.0mm/a, and since 3ka BP till now, the uplift rate is 4.7 mm/a.     

Crustal structure of seismic velocity in southern Tibet and east-westward escape of the crustal material--An example by wide-angle seismic profile from Peigu Tso to Pumoyong Tso

The reflecting events from Moho and other interfaces within the crust are recognized from the wavefield characteristics of P- and S-wave for the 480km long wide-angle seismic profile between Peigu Tso and Pumoyong Tso. Then, seismic crustal structures of P- and S-wave velocities and Poisson ratio under the nearly east-west profile in southern Tibet are interpreted by fitting the observed traveltimes with the calculated ones by forward modelling. Our interpreting results demonstrate that the crustal thickness varies remarkably in the east-west direction, showing a pattern that the crust could be divided into three parts bounded by the west of Dingri and the east of Dinggyê, respectively, where the depth of Moho is about 71km for the western part, about 76km for the middle and about 74km for the eastern. There is one lower velocity layer (LVL) at the bottom of the upper crust with depth of 20-30 km. One of the distinct features is that the thickness of LVL abruptly thins from 24km on the west to 6km on the east. The other is that the velocity variation in the crust along east-west direction for both P- and S-wave displays a feature as quasi-periodic variation. The lower velocity (compared to the average value for the continent of the globe) in the lower crust and three sets of north-southward active normal faults are probably attributed to the coupling process of material delamination in the lower crust, crustal thicking and east-westward escape of the crustal material accompanied with the continental collision between India and Eurasia Plate.     

The crustal structure of Norway from inversion of teleseismic receiver functions

Teleseismic body waves from seismic broadband and short periodstations were used to investigate the crustal structure of Norwaythrough inversion of the receiver functions. The Moho depths ofthe Baltic Shield are quite well known from previous studiesincluding seismic experiments and spectral ratio technique.However, the results on the details of the crustal structure areinconsistent. This study provided more detailed crustalstructure information at 16 locations than previously known andgenerally confirmed Moho depth results obtained in earlier studies. Significant differences are seen at a few sites. The Moho for the various sites was found at depths between28 and 44 km. In summary, the crustal thicknessincreases from the West Coast of Norway, away from thecontinental margin, towards the centre of the Baltic Shield andfrom Southwest to the Northeast. This corresponds to theincreasing age of the crust. The P velocities in the crust atmost sites show a gradual increase from about 6.0 to 7.1 km/s, withoutclear layering.     

Insights into operation of the subduction factory from the oxygen isotopic values of the southern Izu–Bonin–Mariana Arc

Abstract Oxygen is the most abundant element in the earth, and isotopic analysis of this element in island arc lavas potentially provides sensitive constraints on the proportion of oxygen recycled from subducted material, relative to that extracted from the mantle. Here we report on 225 new oxygen isotopic analyses of whole‐rock and glass samples, and clinopyroxene separates, from lavas collected from the southernmost 1500 km of the Izu–Bonin–Mariana (IBM) convergent margin. Whole‐rock samples clustered around a mean of 6.11 ± 0.47‰, whereas Mariana Trough glasses and mafic melts, calculated to be in equilibrium with mafic phenocrysts, clustered narrowly around a mean of 5.7‰. These data demonstrate that unequivocal identification of magmatic oxygen requires analysis of fresh glass or mafic minerals, and that the source of southern IBM Arc melts is entirely, or almost entirely, in equilibrium with normal mantle oxygen. If the elemental enrichments characteristic of the subduction component originate in subducted materials, these oxygen isotopic data are most consistent with the interaction of a small amount of sediment melt (<4%; mostly less than 1%) with mantle peridotite to yield the hybrid mantle that melts to form IBM Arc magmas.     

P-wave crustal velocity structure in western Sichuan and eastern Tibetan region

A deep seismic sounding profile located in the western Sichuan and eastern Tibetan region extends from Batang (Zhubalong) to Zizhong, Sichuan. It passes through the Songpan-Garzê Fold System and the Longmenshan Tectonic Zone, and ends in the Yangtze Craton. Based on the travel times of phases on the profile, incorporating information on the relevant amplitudes, we determined 2-D P-wave crustal velocity structure along the profile, analyzed the principle differences between the crustal and upper mantle structure in the Western Sichuan Plateau and Sichuan Basin, discussed the deep feature of the major faults on the profile, the tectonic relation between the Yangtze Craton and the Tibetan Plateau and the deep structural environment where strong earthquakes occurred.     

南海东北部海陆联测与海底地震仪探测

利用三分量海底地震仪、陆上便携式地震仪和海上气枪震源在南海东北部首次进行了海陆联合的深地震探测,测线呈北北西-南南东方向,垂直于区域构造走向,总长达500km,所获得的数据质量好,深部信息丰富,可分辨出Pg、Pn、PmP等地震相,为南海东北部深部地壳结构及油气盆地形成演化的研究提供了重要的基础数据。     

1999～2002年地震预报研究进展

回顾了中国在1999~2002年开展地震预测、预报研究的进展. 重点回顾了在此期间利用地震学、形变、电磁、流体和综合5类学科方法开展中短期地震预报研究的成果，以及这些成果在地震预报实践中的探索性应用.      

Horizontal crustal movement in Chinese mainland before and after the great Kunlun Mountain M=8.1 earthquake in 2001

Introduction The great Kunlun Mountain earthquake occurred on November 14, 2001 on the border be-tween Xinjiang and Qinghai in west China (36.2N, 90.9E). It was the largest earthquake oc-curred in Chinese mainland in the last 50 years. The Crustal Movement Observation Network of China (CMONOC) established in 1998 mainly for the purpose of earthquake prediction with only 25 fiducial stations for continuous GPS observations, has recorded the precious information of the crustal movement …     

Crustal structure beneath the Songpan——Garze orogenic belt

AbstractThe Benzilan-Tangke deep seismic sounding profile in the western Sichuan region passes through the Song-pan-Garze orogenic belt with trend of NNE.Based on the travel times and the related amplitudes of phases in therecord sections,the 2-D P-wave crustal structure was ascertained in this paper. The velocity structure has quitestrong lateral variation along the profile.The crust is divided into 5 layers,where the first,second and third layerbelong to the upper crust,the forth and fifth layer belong to the lower crust.The low velocity anomaly zone gener-ally exists in the central part of the upper crust on the profile,and it integrates into the overlying low velocitybasement in the area to the north of Ma’erkang.The crustal structure in the section can be divided into 4 parts:inthe south of Garze-Litang fault,between Garze-Litang fault and Xiashuihe fault,between Xianshuihe fault andLongriba fault and in the north of Longriba fault,which are basically coincided with the regional tectonics division     

中国大陆中轴构造带及其两侧的现今地壳垂直运动

利用中心年代分别为1964、1979及1993的3期精密水准复测资料研究中轴(构造)带及其两侧(东经90.5°至113.5°,北纬21.5°至42.0°)的现代地壳垂直运动。结果表明中轴带及其两侧近30多年的运动趋势与最近十几年运动趋势十分一致。而且与该地区的地势地貌有良好的相关性,几个垂直形变的高梯度带均分布在本区两个大盆地(四川盆地与柴达木盆地)周边。整个形变态势表现出明显的继承性运动特征。但在70年代,该区的垂直运动经历了一次明显的变化或反向。联系到同一时期中轴带南部的一系列7级以上强震的发生,提示大区域的垂直形变的趋势变化可能是强震活跃的一种指示。文中还利用得到的地壳垂直形变图研究了区内南—北、东—西向穿切几个主要构造单元的9条剖面的地壳垂直运动特征和它们的时空演化,结果进一步证明1969～1979年间,我国中西部比较强烈的地壳垂直运动与我国地震活动高潮期一致。纬向剖面的运动特征清楚地显示出东经100～105度的经向带内,整个研究区可分为地壳垂直运动速率西高东低的东、西两区;而经向剖面又可将这东、西两区分出以某些纬向高变化窄带为界的纬向区块。文中还详细讨论了这些区块所对应的构造单元的现今运动特征。