Flow and fracture maps for basaltic rock deformation at high temperatures

Understanding how the strength of basaltic rock varies with the extrinsic conditions of stress state, pressure and temperature, and the intrinsic rock physical properties is fundamental to understanding the dynamics of volcanic systems. In particular it is essential to understand how rock strength at high temperatures is limited by fracture. We have collated and analysed laboratory data for basaltic rocks from over 500 rock deformation experiments and plotted these on principal stress failure maps. We have fitted an empirical flow law (Norton’s law) and a theoretical fracture criterion to these data. The principal stress failure map is a graphical representation of ductile and brittle experimental data together with flow and fracture envelopes under varying strain rate, temperature and pressure. We have used these maps to re-interpret the ductile–brittle transition in basaltic rocks at high temperatures and show, conceptually, how these failure maps can be applied to volcanic systems, using lava flows as an example.     

溪洛渡水电站坝址区岩体蠕变特性试验研究

介绍了溪洛渡水电站坝址区岩体柔性板法蠕变试验方法及试验结果,给出了岩体蠕变模型及其参数,为工程设计提供了参考依据。     

粗粒料流变研究的现状与展望

粗粒料是土石坝的主要填料,高土石坝的流变已成为坝工专家和工程师广为关注的问题,其流变特性是研究的基础。分析了粗粒料流变研究的现状,介绍了长江科学院新取得的进展,并对粗粒料流变研究的前景提出了展望。     

禾青井动水位对断层蠕动与慢地震过程的响应初析

以湖南禾青井深井水位观测的异常图象为例进行定性分析，发现动水位观测有可能直接反映出断层的滑动或断层的慢地震过程，前者可能为地下水物理参量的观测与研究提供亲折思路，后者则可能对震源物理学的发展和地震预报水平的提高具有特殊的意义。     

冻土蠕变的渐进屈服准则

基于冻土蠕变的现象分析表明，冻土蠕变的破坏是由于冻土中非弹性变形积累的结果，在冻土的任何变形阶段都存在着非弹性变形。非弹性变形的积累在一定条件下导致了冻土渐进屈服的出现，渐进屈服反过来又促进了冻土蠕变的进一步增加。     

3-D finite element modeling for evolution of stress field and interaction among strong earthquakes in Sichuan-Yunnan region

Introduction Sichuan-Yunnan region is a major area with frequent strong earthquakes in Chinese mainland, especially the middle-southern segment of South-North Seismic Zone, where many strong earth-quakes occurred in history. In the past 30 years, Sichuan-Yunnan region has two seismically active periods: one is from Tonghai earthquake in 1970 to Longling-Songpan earthquake in 1976, the other is from Lancang earthquake in 1988 to now. During this two periods, the M=7.7 Tonghai, M=7.1 Dagua…     

Experimental pressure solution compaction of synthetic halite/calcite aggregates

Experimental observations are reported of weakening of sediment-like aggregates by addition of hard particles. Sieved mixtures of calcite and halite grains are experimentally compacted in drained pressure cells in the presence of a saturated aqueous solution. The individual halite grains deform easily by pressure solution creep whereas calcite grains act as hard objects and resist compaction. The fastest rate of compaction of the mixed aggregate is not obtained for a 100% halite aggregate but for a content of halite grains between 45% and 75%. We propose that this unusual compaction behavior reflects the competition between two mechanisms at the grain scale: intergranular pressure solution at grain contacts and grain boundary healing between halite grains that prevent further compaction.     

饱和黏性土蠕变变形试验研究

结合苏锡常地区地面沉降研究,用单向固结仪研究饱和黏性土在复杂荷载作用下的蠕变变形特征。试验土样取自苏锡常地区第2弱透水层。研究结果表明,在初次加载时黏性土具有明显的蠕变性,在双对数坐标中蠕变变形与时间呈直线关系,且直线斜率随荷载水平增大而减小,但在荷载水平达到一定值后斜率变化不大;在初次卸载时黏性土仍有明显的回弹蠕变,特别是在卸载水平较高时,卸载回弹蠕变变形与应力和时间的关系仍可用幂函数表示;在循环荷载作用下,加卸载达到变形稳定的时间随循环次数增加而减小。当循环荷载最大值小于土样的先期固结压力时,土样在2次加卸载循环后达到弹性变形状态;当循环荷载最大值等于土样的先期固结压力时,土样在5次加卸载循环后达到弹性变形状态。     

复合岩盐层井眼蠕变缩径的数值模拟

盐岩在深部高温高压环境下具有很强的蠕变特性,在岩盐层钻井经常出现井眼缩径、卡钻等复杂事故。目前关于岩盐层井段安全钻进泥浆密度的计算方法主要适用于均匀地应力的情况,难以在非均匀地应力条件下应用。为此研究建立了三向地应力作用下盐岩和砂泥岩相互交错的复合岩盐层井眼蠕变缩径的三维有限元模型,并以塔里木油田羊塔克地区深井为例,研究了非均匀地应力条件下,复合岩盐层井眼随时间变化的蠕变缩径规律,得出了一定泥浆密度下岩盐层井眼在不同时刻的井径值。计算结果表明,安全泥浆密度有限元模拟值与羊塔克地区岩盐层井段实际采用的安全泥浆密度非常接近,验证了所建数值模型的合理性和计算结果的可靠性,研究成果为岩盐层井段的安全钻进提供了技术支撑。      

瓦斯煤层裸露面蠕变失稳的时间预测研究

通过对煤体蠕变特性的分析,提出采用五元粘弹塑流变模型能很好地描述煤体的蠕变特征。在考虑煤层瓦斯的作用下,得到了含瓦斯的煤蠕变状态方程。由于揭开的煤层裸露面由原来的三向受力变为二向受力,在合适的条件下煤体会产生蠕变。而煤体在双向受压时,裸露面方向的应变为拉应变,当裸露面方向的煤体的拉应变大于煤体破坏时的拉应变时,煤体将产生蠕变失稳。从而可以预测煤体蠕变失稳的时间。研究成果可以解释揭煤工程岩体失稳。