可控源音频大地电磁法在平阴县地质灾害调查中的应用效果

可控源音频大地电磁新方法在济南市平阴县安城乡东凤凰村地裂缝调查中发挥了重要作用,物探成果异常明显,推测了与地裂缝形成有关的隐伏断层产状,分析了地裂缝成因,据野外实地调查和访问,物探推测成果符合事实。该法在地质灾害调查等工程物探领域值得推广应用。     

不同温度后红砂岩力学性质及微观结构变化规律试验研究

对20℃、70℃、140℃、200℃、300℃、400℃、600℃、800℃等8种不同温度后红砂岩的力学特性进行了试验研究,结合压汞、SEM扫描电镜微观试验分析不同温度后红砂岩孔隙结构变化及微裂纹产生规律,并对红砂岩的不同温度劣化微观机制作初步探讨。研究表明：（1）不同温度后红砂岩单轴抗压强度在300℃达到峰值为常温的1.4倍;红砂岩劣化阀值温度为600℃,单轴抗压强度降幅达32.5%;（2）不同温度后红砂岩产生的裂纹宽度绝对多数分布在0～0.01 μm区间内,该区间内各阶段裂缝的分布比值与单轴抗压强度呈较好的相关性;（3）沿晶和穿晶裂纹产生以及裂纹均质性变差是红砂岩劣化的主要影响因素。     

淮河大堤土体工程地质特性及采动裂缝研究

淮河下采煤,使地面大堤土体中出现了许多采动裂缝,普遍认为裂缝的存在对大堤与河下采煤安全构成很大威胁。以土体工程地质特性研究为基础,采用试验和力学分析方法,分析论证了大堤土体采动裂缝的形成条件及其发育深度,得出几点结论:1)目前,淮南淮河大堤在粘土堤土体拉应变超过8～12mm/m、砂土堤超过3～5mm/m时,堤体就会出现裂缝;2)土中裂缝发育深度不会超过与土的力学特性有关的某一极限值。目前淮河大堤粘土堤约为4.0m、砂土堤约为2.0m;3)采取粘土注浆、铺设防渗膜等措施处理后,淮河大堤采动裂缝的存在就不会对河下采煤与大堤安全构成威胁。     

Jurassic septarian concretions from NW Scotland record interdependent bacterial, physical and chemical processes of marine mudrock diagenesis

Septarian concretions in the Staffin Shales Formation (Kimmeridgian, Isle of Skye) allow controls on concretion rheology and septarian cracking to be investigated. Stratabound concretions consist of anhedral ferroan calcite microspar enclosing clay and minor pyrite. Intergranular volumes range from 77% to 88%, and calcite δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O values in most concretion bodies range from ?10·0‰ to ?17·3‰ and +0·3‰ to ?0·6‰ respectively, consistent with rapid and pervasive cementation in marine pore fluids. Septarian rupture occurred during incipient cementation, with a sediment volume reduction of up to 43%. Crack‐lining brown fibrous calcite records pore fluid re‐oxygenation during a depositional hiatus, followed by increasing Fe content and δ¹³C related to bacterial methanogenesis. Brown colouration results from an included gel‐like polar organic fraction that probably represents bacterially degraded biomass. A new hypothesis for concretion growth and septarian cracking argues that quasi‐rigid ‘proto‐concretions’ formed via binding of flocculated clays by bacterial extracellular polysaccharide substances (EPS). This provided rheological and chemical conditions for tensional failure, subcritical crack growth, volume contraction, calcite nucleation, and incorporation of degraded products into crack‐lining cements. Bacterial decay of EPS and syneresis of host muds provided internal stresses to initiate rupture at shallow burial. Development of septarian (shrinkage) cracks in muds is envisaged to require pervasive in situ bacterial colonization, and to depend on rates of carbonate precipitation versus EPS degradation and syneresis. Subsequent modification of septarian concretions included envelopment by siderite and calcite microspar, hydraulic fracturing associated with Cretaceous shallow burial or Palaeogene uplift; and cementation by strongly ferroan, yellow sparry calcite that records meteoric water invasion of the host mudrocks. An abundance of fatty acids in these spars indicates aqueous transport of organic breakdown products, and δ¹³C data suggest a predominantly methanogenic bicarbonate source. However, the wide δ¹⁸O range for petrographically identical cement (?1·3‰ to ?15·6‰) is difficult to explain.     

夏季新建码头混凝土面层裂缝的原因分析

针对夏季施工的码头混凝土面层产生的连续裂缝,分析了裂缝产生的原因,并提出以后的施工作业中应注意的问题,以防止类似现象再次发生。     

关于恐龙化石在发掘过程中因应力释放造成风化破坏的研究

在恐龙化石发掘过程中不仅机械扰动会直接导致化石或围岩的破碎,应力释放也会导致化石及围岩表面裂隙的产生及扩张,这些节理裂隙又为水和空气的活动提供了通道,使风化破坏作用更加迅速。作者以分层开挖理论为基础,建立了模拟化石开挖过程的数值模型。通过计算机模拟开挖过程中0m、11m、14m、19m四个深度的等效应力变化过程和XZ方向应力的变化过程发现:开挖前后化石表面的最大等效应力差达到0.34MPa,围岩表面的最大等效应力差达0.3MPa;埋深越大的化石,在开挖露出地面后等效应力的回弹现象越明显,即应力释放越严重;虽然化石表面所受剪应力不大,但其对化石风化的影响比在压应力条件下要大的多,这是导致卸载裂隙产生的主要原因。因此,恐龙化石发掘要逐层缓慢开挖,使化石逐渐达到新的应力平衡,以便减少应力快速释放对化石造成的风化破坏,特别是要做好护坡,最大限度地防止剪应力的产生。     

基于3D-ILC球体45º三维双内裂纹复合断裂研究

断裂力学是各领域基础科学,材料内裂纹相互作用是断裂力学的重要研究领域,但目前球体内裂纹相互作用研究成果较少。基于三维激光疲劳内裂纹（3D-ILC）技术,在对球体试样表面无任何损伤的情况下,制作三维平行纯内裂纹,开展45o倾角平行双内裂纹单轴压缩试验,对双内裂纹的裂纹扩展过程、应力双折射规律、断口特征、破坏形态、相互作用等多方面开展研究,进行含双内裂纹I-II-III型圆球断裂数值模拟,分析KⅠ、KⅡ、KⅢ分布规律,与试验相符。结果表明：（1）球体双内裂纹在单轴压缩下之间发生屏蔽作用,主裂纹面穿过两预制内裂纹;（2）翼型裂纹光滑区呈现I-II型裂纹断口特征,翼型裂纹侧面撕裂区呈现“矛状”III型裂纹特征;（3）基于M积分计算的KI、KII、KIII分析与基于断裂特征的I、II、III型裂纹类型分析一致。3D-ILC技术可用于球体内裂纹相互作用断裂试验研究,球体内裂纹试验与理论分析为脆性材料内裂纹扩展及相互作用研究提供试验与理论参考。     

Experiment and analysis of the formation,expansion and dissipation of gasbag in fine sediments based on pore water pressure survey

Deep-seated gas in seabed sediments migrates upwards from effect of external factors, which easily accumulates to form gasbags at interface of shallow coarse-fine sediments. Real-time monitoring of this process is important to predict disaster. However, there is still a lack of effective monitoring methods, so we attempt to apply multi-points pore water pressure monitoring technology when simulating forming and dissipation of gasbags in sediments through laboratory experiment. This study focuses...