南京冬季辐射雾雾水沉降特征研究

利用2007年11月15日至12月29日在南京市郊开展的雾外场观测试验所获取的雾滴谱、三维风资料,利用涡度协方差法,主要分析了南京冬季辐射雾雾过程中的雾水沉降特征,并探讨了一次辐射雾与辐射—平流雾雾水沉降特征的差异。结果表明:辐射雾成熟阶段的雾水沉降量占总沉降量的90%以上;发现20μm以上的大雾滴对沉降起主要贡献,而大雾滴主要受重力沉降机制影响,重力沉降量约占总沉降量的82%,而雾水的湍流沉降量相对较小;直径7μm以下与40μm以上的雾滴对总沉降量几乎无贡献;雾的液态水含量与雾水沉降量之间线性相关,说明雾液态水含量对雾水沉降量有直接的影响,雾水沉降集中在能见度50 m以下的强浓雾阶段;辐射雾发展阶段近地面小雾滴在湍流扩散作用下以一定的周期向雾层上方输送,使得雾水通量谱具有明显的振荡特征,而辐射—平流雾的雾水通量谱不具有振荡特征。     

Correction Of Eddy-Covariance Measurements Incorporating Both Advective Effects And Density Fluxes

Equations are presented to correct eddy-covariancemeasurements for both fluctuations in density andnon-zero mean advection, induced by convergence ordivergence of flow, and spatial source/sinkinhomogeneity, under steady-state and transientconditions. This correction collapses to theWebb–Pearman–Leuning expression ifthe mean vertical velocity is zero, and formally addsthe Webb–Pearman–Leuning expression to the correctionssuggested by Lee for conditions ofnon-zero vertical velocity and source/sink and meanscalar horizontal homogeneity. The equation requiresmeasurement of the mean vertical gradients of thescalar concentration of interest (air temperature,humidity, CO₂) as well as an accurateestimation of the mean vertical velocity, in additionto the vertical eddy covariance of the scalar. Simplemethods for the approximation of sensor tilt andcomplex terrain flow angle are presented, to allowestimation of non-zero mean vertical velocities. Theequations are applied to data from a maize crop and aforest to give examples of when the correction issignificant. In addition, a term for thethermodynamic expansion energy associated with watervapour flux is derived, which implies that the sonictemperature derived sensible heat flux will accuratelyinclude this contribution.     

Improvements of a dynamic global vegetation model and simulations of carbon and water at an upland-oak forest

The interest in the development and improvement of dynamic global vegetation models （DGVMs）, which have the potential to simulate fluxes of carbon, water and nitrogen, along with changes in the vegetation dynamics, within an integrated system, has been increasing. In this paper, some numerical schemes and a higher resolution soil texture dataset were employed to improve the Sheffield Dynamic Global Vegetation Model （SDGVM）. Using eddy covariance-based measurements, we then tested the standard version of the SDGVM and the modified version of the SDGVM. Detailed observations of daily carbon and water fluxes made at the upland oak forest on the Walker Branch Watershed in Tennessee, USA offered a unique opportunity for these comparisons. The results revealed that the modified version of the SDGVM did a reasonable job of simulating the carbon and water flux and the variation of soil water content （SWC）. However, at the end of the growing season, it failed to simulate the effect of the limitations on the soil respiration dynamics and as a result underestimated this respiration. It was also noted that the modified version overestimated the increase in the SWC following summer rainfall, which was attributed to an inadequate representation of the ground water and thermal cycle.     

上海郊区二氧化碳通量特征分析

利用上海郊区奉贤的涡动相关通量观测资料,对2015年9月至2016年8月二氧化碳(CO2)通量的时空分布特征、年总排放量进行了分析.结果表明,上海奉贤春、夏、秋季的9-14时CO2通量几乎全为负值,冬季CO2通量则全天均为正值.奉贤CO2通量没有明显的周末效应.植物光合作用是影响奉贤CO2通量时间变化特征的主要因素.各...     

Seasonal drought effects on carbon sequestration of a mid-subtropical planted forest of southeastern China

Continuous measurement of carbon dioxide exchange using the eddy covariance (EC) technique is made at the Qianyanzhou mid-subtropical planted forest as part of the ChinaFLUX network. Qianyanzhou planted forest is affected by typical subtropical continental monsoon climate. It has plentiful water and heat resource but is in inconsistency of its seasonal distribution in the mid-subtropical region, thus seasonal drought frequently occurs in this planted forest. In this study, seasonal drought effect on ecosystem carbon sequestration was analyzed based on net ecosystem productivity (NEP), ecosystem respiration (RE) and gross ecosystem productivity (GEP) at the month scale in 2003 and 2004. In this drought-stressed planted forest, ecosystem carbon sequestration showed a clear seasonality, with low rates during seasonal drought and in winter. The declining degree of ecosystem carbon sequestration under the seasonal drought condition was determined by the accumulation of soil moisture deficits and a co-occurrence of high temperatures. Different drought effects are expected for RE and GEP. The net effect of ecosystem carbon balance depends on how these two quantities are affected relatively to each other. Summer drought and heat wave are two aspects of weather that likely play an important part in the annual NEP of forest in this region.     

盘锦芦苇湿地近地面层湍流通量参数化方案研究

基于2005年盘锦芦苇湿地近地面层湍流通量和微气象梯度的连续观测,研究了芦苇湿地近地面层湍流通量参数化方案。结果表明,盘锦芦苇湿地近地面层经常维持弱稳定和弱不稳定层结。在不稳定层结(-0.4     

涡度相关仪倾斜订正方法的比较及应用

利用973暴雨项目2002年在安徽肥西观测的涡度相关资料,针对目前涡度相关法中存在的仪器倾斜误差问题,采用两种倾斜订正方法计算湍流参数并进行对比分析.结果表明,三次坐标轴旋转倾斜订正方法和平面拟合方法均可以对仪器倾斜引起的误差进行坐标旋转订正,有效剔除仪器倾斜引起的侧向应力的影响,以及仪彝倾斜时水平方向风速引起的虚假湍流通量,提高了湍流通量的计算精度.两种倾斜订正方法各有一定适用条倬,平面拟合方法优于三次坐标轴旋转倾斜订正方法.