珠三角城市经济升级与社会升级的耦合协调关系及其影响因素

采用熵值法综合比较了2006―2019年珠三角经济升级和社会升级的现状,运用改进的耦合协调度模型定量衡量其经济升级和社会升级的耦合度、耦合协调度变化,并分析影响经济和社会升级耦合协调度的因素,结果表明：1）2006―2019年珠三角经济升级和社会升级过程总体上呈现波动上升的趋势,全球金融危机和珠三角的产业结构转型是影响2个系统升级过程的重要因素;2）2006―2019年珠三角2个系统的整体耦合度呈现“U”型演变的态势,由高水平耦合阶段降至磨合阶段再恢复至高水平耦合阶段;3）2006―2019年珠三角9市2个系统耦合协调度总体呈现上升趋势,经济升级系统和社会升级系统之间的协调性逐渐增强;4）人力资本、消费需求、外商投资和政府治理对珠三角经济升级和社会升级的耦合协调度有正向影响,而环境污染则起负面影响作用。     

西部省区旅游经济效率与区域经济水平的重心耦合及互动响应研究

在新一轮西部大开发背景下,旅游业是推动西部区域经济发展的重要动力。基于此,文章综合运用非径向超效率DEA模型、综合线性加权法、非参数Kernel核密度估计、重心模型、重心耦合模型以及VAR模型等方法分析旅游经济效率与区域经济水平的重心耦合与互动响应。研究结果表明：（1）西部旅游经济效率与区域经济水平均处于较低水平,前者经历了从“川-黔-渝”三核到“滇-黔”双核的演变,后者则始终以四川为唯一增长极;（2）旅游经济效率核密度曲线形状从相对平稳发展为陡峭,区域经济水平则相对稳定,前者两极化态势更为严峻;（3）旅游经济效率与区域经济水平重心迁移距离最大方向分别为“南偏西”和“南偏东”,均呈现“西北-东南”极化格局,极化方向分别以顺时针转动了3.41°和1.41°;（4）空间重叠性数值呈“U”型演化,重心耦合态势先“优化”后“劣化”;（5）脉冲响应多呈平滑型响应,响应多集中在前3~4期,区域经济水平对旅游经济效率的方差贡献度较低,旅游经济效率对区域经济水平的方差贡献度较高。     

中国经济空间一体化与生态环境耦合格局及区域差异分析

区域经济空间一体化和生态环境发展这两个问题日益成为研究热点,如何协调二者的关系涉及到一个国家或地区能否实现可持续发展,二者之间的耦合协调发展更是实现可持续发展的核心。本研究基于两个系统20个指标构成的评价指标体系,利用耦合协调度模型和熵值法,首先从全国研究尺度上对1991年~2010年的区域经济空间一体化水平与生态环境水平进行评价,结果表明近20年中国区域经济空间一体化进程加快,生态环境水平总体上呈现出"先升后降"的变化趋势,二者的耦合协调程度实现了稳定和持续的提高。在省域研究尺度上,对1991年、2001年和2010年31个省级地区的区域经济空间一体化和生态环境耦合协调发展进行时序和空间两个维度的实证分析,研究表明各省的区域经济空间一体化与生态环境水平以及二者交互作用的耦合协调度都存在明显的区域差异。     

Inertially coupled Ekman layers

The inertial coupling model of the surface shear stress at the sea surface (Bye, 1995) which takes account of the surface wavefield, has been applied to couple the Ekman layers of the ocean and atmosphere. We determine the surface shear stress and geostrophic drag coefficient, under barotropic conditions. The results are expressed in terms of the shear between the inertially weighted (i.e. velocity×square root of the density) relative geostrophic velocities in the two fluids, in which the reference velocity need not be specified, a priori. We find, in particular, that the deflection of the relative surface geostrophic wind to the surface shear stress in naturally occurring seastates, is about 9°. In the application of the analysis to general circulation models, it is argued that, since the inertially weighted relative geostrophic velocities in air and water are of similar magnitude, this implies that the surface shear stress can be significantly reduced by the current component of the inertially weighted geostrophic shear, with a corresponding reduction in importance of the Ekman transport.     

Review of fundamental principles in modelling unsaturated soil behaviour

An unsaturated soil is a state of the soil. All soils can be partially saturated with water. Therefore, constitutive models for soils should ideally represent the soil behaviour over entire ranges of possible pore pressure and stress values and allow arbitrary stress and hydraulic paths within these ranges. The last two decades or so have seen significant advances in modelling unsaturated soil behaviour. This paper presents a review of constitutive models for unsaturated soils. In particular, it focuses on the fundamental principles that govern the volume change, shear strength, yield stress, water retention and hydro-mechanical coupling. Alternative forms of these principles are critically examined in terms of their predictive capacity for experimental data, the consistency between these principles and the continuity between saturated and unsaturated states.     

A New Mesopsychid (Mecoptera) from the Middle Jurassic of Northeastern China

The family Mesopsychidae Tillyard,1917 presently consists of ten described genera from the Early Permian to the Early Cretaceous of Australia,China,Kyrgyzstan,Russia,South Africa,Tajikistan,and Ukraine.Herein,a new genus and a new species of fossil mesopsychid,Epicharmesopsyche pentavenulosa gen.et sp.nov.,is described from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of Inner Mongolia,China,supplementing the family-level diversity.The well-preserved,new material reveals many characters,including antennae,wing venation,shape and genitalia that increase our morphological understanding of the family,although unfortunately the mouthparts and most of the legs are not preserved.Diagnosis of the Mesopsychidae is emended to include a four-or five-branched MP in both the fore-and hind wings.This is the first documentation of a wing coupling structure in the Mesopsychidae,consisting of three to four frenula bristles on the humeral lobe at the base of the costal margin of both hind wings.Asymmetrical shape and size of the left and right wings on a specimen of E.pentavenulosa gen.et sp.nov.,seems to be a common condition for mesopsychid taxa from northeastern China.     

应用新方法剖析钻探井失利原因：以塔里木盆地台盆区寒武系碳酸盐岩为例

塔里木盆地台盆区寒武系已发现的碳酸盐岩潜山油气藏显示了巨大的勘探潜力,然而由于塔里木盆地经历了多期的构造运动,早期形成的寒武系碳酸盐岩油气藏经历了后期的调整、改造、破坏和再聚集,油气成藏过程复杂,已有的油气成藏理论难以指导该地区的油气勘探。目前寒武系地层钻探成功率偏低,仅为25％。从地质角度出发,采用“功能要素匹配-构造过程叠合-晚期相势源复合的新方法对塔里木盆地寒武系失利井原因进行分析,试图揭示该地区油气成藏机理,以便有效地指导油气勘探。通过对塔里木盆地寒武系的15口失利井的分析结果表明：80％的失利井由于功能要素不匹配,落在有利成藏领域之外而失利;7％的失利井由于构造过程叠合改造破坏了早期形成的油气藏,落在有利勘探区带之外而失利;13％的失利井由于晚期相-势-源不复合,落在有利勘探目标外而失利。该方法完美地解释了塔里木盆地寒武系钻探失利的原因,说明其在指导油气勘探中的可行性和有效性,对以后的油气勘探具有重大的现实意义。     

On coherent ice drift features in the southern Beaufort sea

Previous studies have highlighted reversals in the Beaufort Gyre on regional scales during summer months, and more recently, throughout the annual cycle. In this study we investigate coherent ice drift features associated with individual ice beacons during winter 2008 that may be a signature of ice–coast interactions, atmospheric and/or oceanic forcing. Examined in particular are three case studies associated with reversals in ice beacon trajectories in January and April of 2008; case I corresponds to a meander reversal event in January, case II to a loop reversal event in April, and case III to a meander reversal event located to the northeast of the Mackenzie Canyon in April. An assessment of atmospheric and oceanic conditions during these reversal events shows enhanced ocean–sea-ice–atmosphere dynamical coupling during the Case I meander reversal event in January and comparatively weak coupling during the Case II loop and Case III meander reversal event in April. Absolute (single-particle/beacon) and relative (two-particle/beacon) dispersion results demonstrate dominant meridional ice drift displacement and inter-beacon separation for Case I relative to Cases II and III indicative of ice–ice and ice–coast interactions in January. The results from this investigation provide an ice drift case study analysis relevant to, and template for, high-resolution sea ice dynamic modeling studies essential for safety and hazard assessments of transportation routes and shipping lanes, ice forecasting, and nutrient and contaminant transport by sea ice in the Arctic.     

多元系统耦合多新息随机梯度类辨识方法

针对多元线性回归系统,利用耦合辨识概念和多新息辨识理论,讨论了多元随机梯度算法、多元多新息随机梯度算法,以及变递推间隔多元多新息梯度算法,进一步分解多元系统为一些子系统,给出了耦合子系统随机梯度算法、耦合随机梯度算法、耦合子系统多新息随机梯度算法、耦合多新息随机梯度算法,并将这些方法推广到多元伪线性滑动平均系统和多元伪线性自回归滑动平均系统.文中给出了几个典型耦合随机梯度算法、耦合多新息随机梯度算法的计算步骤和示意图.     

人工岬角和海滩养护下泥沙输运与海床演变

实施人工岬角和海滩养护的软硬措施相结合的方法是探索解决海滩侵蚀问题的新举措之一。基于验证良好的水动力模型建立了泥沙输运和海床演变模型,对秦皇岛市新开河口至南山岸线海滩经整治修复工程实施后的泥沙输运和海床演变规律进行模拟分析。结果表明:大潮与常浪耦合作用下,研究区域周围海域流速整体上落急时刻大于涨急时刻,沙坝掩护水域的流速较弱,波浪在沙坝处增强并在沙坝后破碎并减弱;在沙坝处出现高悬沙浓度区域,悬沙浓度分布主要由底床切应力控制,部分受水动力影响。大潮与强浪耦合作用下,在沙坝处出现远大于常浪时的增强水流(波生流),方向与强浪向一致,波浪在沙坝处已破碎且沙坝对强浪的削减效率大于常浪;与常浪作用下不同,悬沙浓度场在强浪作用下沙坝处没有出现明显的高浓度区域。波流耦合作用下,人工岬角单独存在时护岸效果有限,工程实施后在人工岬角和人工沙坝的配合下,沙坝处侵蚀而沙坝后侧掩护区域淤积,沙坝起到了有效养护海滩的作用。