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排序方式: 共有432条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
准确的初步设计概算对设计阶段控制工程造价起着非常重要的作用,笔者分析了初步设计概算当前存在的问题,提出了做好初步设计概算的四项措施。 相似文献
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北冰洋东北航道夏季集装箱航运经济性研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
近年来,随着全球变暖的大趋势,夏季北极海冰范围急剧缩小,为北极的国际航运迎来了机遇,夏季航行于俄罗斯东北航道的船只迅速增多。由于东北航道的距离远远小于传统亚欧航线,因此具有较高的航运价值,很多海运国家对此极为关注。本文通过成本分析法,计算亚欧集装箱航线采用东北航道时可节约的航运成本,对东北航道的经济优势作出评估。 相似文献
64.
K.Y. Chang S.S. He C.C. Chou S.L. Kao A.S. Chiou 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(8):1375-1393
To plan undeveloped optimal routes between Asia and Europe via the Arctic Northeast Passages using a 3D geographic information system (GIS), voyage paths are simulated in a 3D visual form. This ensures that the distances are calculated accurately, and that other voyage data such as water depths, sea ice distribution, and seashore topology are also easily deciphered, giving a more direct and clear demonstration compared to simplified presentations on an Electronic Chart Display & Information System (ECDIS). This article also implements a higher-geometry maze router in ice zone areas to obtain the optimal path in relation to safety and costs. This article compares the optimal Arctic Northeast Passages with traditional routes through the Suez Canal for dynamic analyses of the cost efficiency (including time costs, fuel costs, and other factors) of travel between major ports in Asia and Europe. The average benefit assessment is around 30–45% in a bulk carrier comparison. Thus, a 3D GIS can easily obtain and demonstrate safe navigation routes, providing a very convenient tool for initial planning. 相似文献
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以摩擦滑移隔震理论为基础,针对农村民居抗震能力普遍不足的现状,提出一种简单经济、方便实用的隔震限位装置。介绍了其设计原理与做法,给出了具体算例。该隔震限位装置造价低廉,施工简易,适宜在广大农村房屋中推广使用。 相似文献
66.
Bora Gencturk 《地震工程与结构动力学》2013,42(1):61-79
In this study life‐cycle cost (LCC) assessment of structural frames is performed. Two different materials, reinforced concrete (RC) and reinforced engineered cementitious composites (ECC), with different response characteristics are used to model the frames. ECC is characterized by high tensile ductility and energy absorption and reduced crack widths when compared to conventional concrete. However, the material is more expensive than conventional concrete; therefore, in order to quantify the potential benefits that could be obtained by replacing concrete with ECC, the life‐cycle performance is evaluated in an optimization framework. Three different structural frames are considered: an RC only frame, an ECC only frame and a multi‐material (MX) frame in which ECC is selectively applied at the potential plastic hinge locations while the remainder of the frame is made of RC. The structural capacity and earthquake demand are evaluated using rigorous analysis methods to capitalize on different characteristics of concrete and ECC, and both aleatory and epistemic uncertainties are incorporated into the LCC formulation. It is found that both the initial and LCC of frames that use ECC are lower due to savings in material and labor cost of transverse reinforcement for the former and due to increased capacity and reduced demand for the latter. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
67.
A. D. Koussis E. Georgopoulou A. Kotronarou K. Mazi P. Restrepo G. Destouni 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(7):1234-1245
Abstract We investigate the general methodology for an intensive development of coastal aquifers, described in a companion paper, through its application to the management of the Akrotiri aquifer, Cyprus. The Zakaki area of that aquifer, adjacent to Lemessos City, is managed such that it permits a fixed annual agricultural water demand to be met, as well as and a fraction of the water demand of Lemessos, which varies according to available surface water. Effluents of the Lemessos wastewater treatment plant are injected into the aquifer to counteract the seawater intrusion resulting from the increased pumping. The locations of pumping and injection wells are optimized based on least-cost, subject to meeting the demand. This strategy controls sea intrusion so effectively that desalting of only small volumes of slightly brackish groundwater is required over short times, while ~2.3 m3 of groundwater is produced for each 1 m3 of injected treated wastewater. The cost over the 20-year period 2000–2020 of operation is ~40 M€ and the unit production cost of potable water is under 0.2 €/m3. The comparison between the deterministic and stochastic analyses of the groundwater dynamics indicates the former as conservative, i.e. yielding higher groundwater salinity at the well. The Akrotiri case study shows that the proposed aquifer management scheme yields solutions that are preferable to the widely promoted seawater desalination, also considering the revenues from using the treated wastewater for irrigation. Citation Koussis, A. D., Georgopoulou, E., Kotronarou, A., Mazi, K., Restrepo, P., Destouni, G., Prieto, C., Rodriguez, J. J., Rodriguez-Mirasol, J., Cordero, T., Ioannou, C., Georgiou, A., Schwartz, J. & Zacharias, I. (2010) Cost-efficient management of coastal aquifers via recharge with treated wastewater and desalination of brackish groundwater: application to the Akrotiri basin and aquifer, Cyprus. Hydrol. Sci. J. 55(7), 1234–1245. 相似文献
68.
余地;李卫祥;严伟才;毕如田 《东北测绘》2013,(2):136-138,141
土地复垦总投资与复垦工程量联系紧密,土地复垦工程量计算准确与否直接影响了复垦总投资。本文以计算山西省平定县某煤矿损毁土地复垦费用为例,利用ArcGIS平台建立空间模型,编写VBA代码,可迅速准确地计算出矿区损毁土地的复垦工程量、复垦费用。实现了快速统计权属单位、图斑编号对应的损毁地块的复垦工程量、复垦费用,并可通过GIS软件查询。实例表明计算相同地类的复垦工程量、复垦费用时,依损毁地类为单位建立的计算模型可以被多次、重复利用,能够有效避免使用Excel表格计算时出现的人为误差、工作效率低等问题。 相似文献
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传统的优化器缺乏空间数据分布统计信息和空间算子的支持,不能评估和生成有效的查询执行计划。对此,提出了包含空间执行算子的一体化评估框架,根据重要属性及元组流属性实现了执行计划自底向上的代价推演计算。通过服务器端编程实现了利用概率累计扩展空间直方图模型描述空间数据的统计信息,并通过优化器接口计算空间谓词选择率,为优化器提供更为准确的代价参数,改进了评估的准确度。实验结果表明,采用此方法进行涉及空间查询的计算,理论代价估计与实际执行代价具有相对一致性,在统计值完整的情况下能够准确地估算实际较优的执行计划。 相似文献