饱和软土自由场地地震反应特性振动台试验

为了解软土自由场地地震反应特性,开展饱和软土自由场地地震反应特性大型振动台模型试验。分别从模型体系自振特性、震陷位移及不同土层深度测点的加速度、动孔压比等动力响应指标方面,较为深入和全面地分析饱和软土自由场地地震反应规律、破坏机理。同时还分析模型箱的"边界效应"以验证试验土箱的合理性、有效性和测试仪器性能,并由此进一步确定模型地基有效工作区域。研究表明:(1)地震动作用下,饱和软土自由场地特征频率降低,阻尼增大;(2)饱和软土自由场地对水平输入地震波具有短周期滤波、长周期放大效应,且强震作用下地基失效并表现为减隔震作用;(3)饱和软土自由场地动孔压比优势区域位于浅埋土层,并随着输入地震动强度的增大,该区域动孔压比优势逐渐减弱。该研究可为非自由软土场地试验研究提供必要的技术经验。     

Comparison of the acid-base responses to CO2 and acidification in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)

To investigate whether the biological toxicity of aquatic hypercapnia is due to the direct effects of CO2 or to the effects of acidification of seawater by CO2, the Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) was subjected to seawater equilibrated with a gas mixture of air containing 5% CO2 (pH 6.18) or seawater acidified to the same pH with 1 N H2SO4. All the fish died within 72 h in the CO2 exposure group, whereas no mortality occurred in the acid group. Acid-base parameters as well as plasma ion concentrations were severely perturbed in the CO2 exposure group, whereas they were minimally affected in the acid group. These results clearly demonstrate that the mortality in the CO2 group is a direct result of the elevated levels of dissolved CO2 and not to the effects of the reduced water pH.     

地下水位固体潮加卸载响应比分析及预测意义

应用加卸载响应比的理论原理,对广东地下水位网的观测数据进行加卸载响应比计算,以广东及周边地区数次MS4．0级以上地震作为震例,提取可能的中期至短期的响应比异常变化,研究其异常特征以及与地震的对应关系。结果表明,在中强地震前响应比存在增大变化,大多数井的水位固体潮响应比在发震前1～4个月出现升高异常变化。     

场地土液化引起的地下管道上浮反应研究

本文利用虚功原理,建立了场地土液化引起的地下管道的上浮反应分析模型,用弹性地基梁来模拟地下管道,并考虑了土的非线性约束作用、管道的初始变形、液化区长度、管道的初始轴力等的影响。采用非线性增量有限元法,对场地土液化引起的地下管道的上浮反应进行了研究,给出了部分计算结果。     

Research on wind-induced responses of a large-scale membrane structure

The wind-induced responses of a large-scale membrane structure, Expo Boulevard, are evaluated in this study. To obtain the wind pressure distribution on the roof surface, a wind tunnel test is performed. A brief analysis of wind pressure on the membrane roof is conducted first and then an analysis of the wind-induced responses of the structure is carried out using a numerical integral method in the time domain. In the process of calculation, the geometrical nonlinearity is taken into account. Results indicate that mean, RSM and peak values of the structure responses increase nonlinearly while the approaching flow velocity increases. Strong nonlinear characteristics are observed in the displacement responses, whereas the responses of nodal stress and cable axial force show minimal nonlinear properties when the membrane structure is subjected to wind loads. Different values of the damping ratio only have a minimal impact on the RSM response of the structure because the background component is a dominant part of the total dynamic response and the resonant component is too small. As the damping ratio increases from 0.02 to 0.05, the RMS responses of vertical displacement, nodal stress and cable axial force decrease by 8.1%, 6.7% and 17.9%, respectively. Since the mean component plays a significant role in the wind-induced response, the values of the gust response factor are not high for Expo Boulevard.     

旋转地震合成及其在大跨度悬索桥中的应用

为探究旋转地震动在大跨度悬索桥中的应用,首先,从线弹性理论和功率谱角度基于随机振动理论提出了6维地震动加速度功率谱模型;其次,基于MATLAB编制旋转地震动人工地震合成程序,从反应谱角度对合成地震动进行了正确性验证和拟合精度迭代调整;最后,分析了旋转地震动与地震动入射角对桥梁结构地震响应的影响。研究表明：人工合成的地震动平动分量反应谱与实测地震动的平动分量反应谱吻合度较高;六维地震动的主梁跨中竖向位移越是三维平动地震动的3倍,而主缆轴力峰值接近2.25E+05kN,约是三维平动地震动的1.3倍;旋转地震动和地震动入射角将会加大桥梁结构的位移响应和内力响应,且会减小塔底截面和桩最不利截面的安全性。     

硬夹层埋深对场地地震动参数的影响

选取某重要工程场地A3钻孔的厚度、剪切波速、密度等实际勘探数据,通过改变硬夹层的埋深,分析硬夹层不同埋深、不同地震时程对场地地震动参数的影响。研究结果表明:在硬夹层厚度不变和模型总厚度不变的情况下,地表水平向的峰值加速度随硬夹层埋深的增大而增大,但增幅逐渐减小;硬夹层埋深到达一定深度时不再影响地表水平峰值加速度;随着硬夹层埋深的增加,整个反应谱的谱值普遍增大。     

准噶尔盆地陆东—五彩湾地区石炭系火山岩电性与地震响应特征

勘探实践证实,准噶尔盆地石炭系已成为一套现实勘探层系;陆东－五彩湾地区石炭系火山岩体规模大、分布广,是重要的天然气储集体;火山岩储层有效性主要受不整合、岩性、岩相控制,识别火山结构、火山岩岩性、岩相成为判别储层有效性的关键.由于主要目的层巴塔玛依内山组特殊的三段式火山岩组合层序结构,为通过测井、地震物探手段识别火山岩岩性、岩相创造了条件.基性熔岩具高密度、高电阻率、高自然伽玛电性特征,中基性熔岩具高电阻率、高密度、低自然伽玛电性特征,中酸性熔岩具中电阻率、中等密度、较高自然伽玛电性特征,火山角砾岩相具低电阻率、中低密度、高自然伽玛电性特征,凝灰岩具低电阻率、低密度、高自然伽玛电性特征.上、下火山岩段表现为不连续的丘状反射或杂乱反射;中部沉积岩段表现为较强振幅、较连续的平行与亚平行结构反射;依据波组反射结构特征,能够识别出层状火山、锥状火山、浅成侵入体三类火山岩结构.火山岩储层均属风化壳型储层;储层有效性受岩性与岩相控制.近口亚相带主要发育于滴南凸起带、滴北凸起带、石西—石南凸起带、五彩湾凹陷南北缘、白家海北缘;远火山口亚相多发育于火山后亚相的东西两侧;溢流相带主要沿主断裂由南向北展布.近源的构造、岩性、岩相匹配的风化壳储层发育区,最有利于成藏;形成构造背景下的地层-岩性型原生火山岩天然气藏.     

Response spectrum analysis for floor acceleration

The peak floor acceleration (PFA) is a critical parameter influencing the performance of non‐structural elements in buildings. This paper develops a response spectrum analysis method based on the complete quadratic combination (CQC) rule to estimate the PFA. The method accounts for the rigid contribution of truncated higher modes and the cross‐correlations between all pairs of modes. The approximation is introduced in the time domain and then formulated in the frequency domain by CQC. Application of the method to a continuous cantilever beam idealizing a building with shear walls is presented and compared with alternative formulations. The proposed method is able to provide a consistent estimation of the PFA along the entire structure, not only where the PFA is principally influenced by the first few flexible modes but also where the PFA is mainly related to the rigid response of the structure, for example, near its base. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Rapid earthquake loss assessment after damaging earthquakes

This article summarizes the work done over the last decades regarding the development of new approaches and setting up of new applications for earthquake rapid response systems that function to estimate earthquake losses in quasi-real time after an earthquake. After a critical discussion of relevant earthquake loss estimation methodologies, the essential features and characteristics of the available loss estimation software are summarized. Currently operating near-real-time loss estimation tools can be classified under two main categories depending on the size of area they cover: global and local systems. For the global or regional near-real-time loss estimation systems: GDACS, WAPMERR, PAGER, and NERIES-ELER methodologies are presented together with their loss estimations for the 2009 Abruzzo (L’Aquila) earthquake in Italy. Examples are provided for the local rapid earthquake loss estimation systems, including the Taiwan Earthquake Rapid Reporting System, Real-time Earthquake Assessment Disaster System in Yokohama, Real Time Earthquake Disaster Mitigation System of the Tokyo Gas Co., and Istanbul Earthquake Rapid Response System.