广东东源地震与震磁响应

采用地磁短周期日变之低点位移方法和加卸载响应比法,分析了广东东源县2012~2013年间三次MS4.0~4.8级地震的震磁响应,发现震前震中周边台站均存在有不同程度的低点位移异常和加卸载响应比异常情况。     

利用InSAR研究乌恰地震同震形变

2008年10月5日在新疆乌恰地区39.50°N、73.64°E处发生MW6.7地震,用ROI_PAC软件处理4景日本ALOS卫星数据得到乌恰地震的三维同震形变场。距离向,断层北侧最大位移达39 cm,南侧最大位移达36 cm;方位向,北侧和南侧的最大位移分别为1.5 m和2 m。采用Okada弹性位错模型分析该地震的滑动分布,模拟得出的断层走滑角为48°,倾滑角为53°,深度为10.5 km,最大形变量2.5 m,分析得出该地震为向北逆冲兼左旋走滑。     

Fully probabilistic seismic displacement analysis of spatially distributed slopes using spatially correlated vector intensity measures

Earthquake‐induced slope displacement is an important parameter for safety evaluation and earthquake design of slope systems. Traditional probabilistic seismic hazard analysis usually focuses on evaluating slope displacement at a particular location, and it is not suitable for spatially distributed slopes over a large region. This study proposes a computationally efficient framework for fully probabilistic seismic displacement analysis of spatially distributed slope systems using spatially correlated vector intensity measures (IMs). First, a spatial cross‐correlation model for three key ground motion IMs, that is, peak ground acceleration (PGA), Arias intensity, and peak ground velocity, is developed using 2686 ground motion recordings from 11 recent earthquakes. To reduce the computational cost, Monte Carlo simulation and data reduction techniques are utilized to generate spatially correlated random fields for the vector IMs. The slope displacement hazards over the region are further quantified using empirical predictive equations. Finally, an illustrative example is presented to highlight the importance of the spatial correlation and the advantage of using spatially correlated vector IMs in seismic hazard analysis of spatially distributed slopes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Methodological Considerations Regarding the Measurement of Turbulent Fluxes in the Urban Roughness Sublayer: The Role of Scintillometery

We address some of the methodological challenges associated with the measurement of turbulence and use of scintillometers in the urban roughness sublayer (RSL). Two small-aperture scintillometers were located near the roof interface in a densely urbanized part of Basel, Switzerland, as part of the Basel Urban Boundary-Layer Experiment (BUBBLE) in the summer of 2002. Eddy correlation instruments were co-located near the mid-point of each scintillometer path for data verification purposes. The study presents the first values of the inner length scale of turbulence (l ₀) and the refractive index structure parameter of air for a city and demonstrates the influence of mechanical driven turbulence on dissipation. Comparison of dissipation values determined from the two approaches show large scatter that is possibly due to the spatial inhomogeneity of the turbulence statistics within the RSL. Velocity and temperature spectra display a −2/3 slope in the inertial subrange, although the spectral ratio is less than the theoretical prediction of 4/3 expected for isotropy. Conventional Monin–Obukhov equations used to calculate fluxes from the scintillometer were replaced with urban forms of the equations. The results suggest that the scintillometer may be an appropriate tool for the measurement of sensible heat flux (Q _H ) above the rooftops given a suitable determination of the effective measurement height.     

呼图壁地震台定点水准异常检测分析与研究

利用呼图壁地震台洞体场地水准二期的比对观测数据、呼图壁场地跨断层水准四期的同时间段观测资料以及1987~2012年大丰跨断层测线的水准观测数据,分析了呼图壁红山地震台洞体场地水准观测成果的变化速率与跨断层水准观测成果的年变速率的差异性,判定原地震台使用的Ni004光学水准仪的可靠性,依据分析结果提出合理建议。并根据大丰跨断层水准观测的历史观测成果和呼图壁洞体场地水准观测比对后的分析结果,初步探索研究跨断层水准在研究区域的地形变特征。     

利用GPS观测资料分析2008年于田MS7.3地震的同震位移及震后形变

2008年3月21日新疆于田发生MS7.3级地震.本文通过处理、分析GPS数据,得到破裂断层北侧100 km附近的同震位移及震后形变信息.在观测区域GPS点监测到10 mm左右的同震位移,其中最大为南向14 mm,东向5 mm.同震位移呈现一致性的东南向运动特征,证实于田地震存在显著的左旋走滑分量.震后台站向西南方向运动,与同震位移方向不同,说明同震位移和震后形变具有不同的形变源.近普鲁断裂两侧的GPS点震后运动方向存在明显差异,表明于田地震可能触发了普鲁断裂的左旋滑动.普鲁断裂在于田地震发生后呈现的构造活动特征揭示普鲁断裂是康西瓦—西阿尔金断裂带的一部分,兼具左旋走滑与逆冲分量,吸收了青藏高原西北缘相对于塔里木盆地的东向逃逸与北向入侵作用.     

海南琼海加积井水温同震效应特征和机理初探

基于海南加积井数字化水温2007年1月-2010年4月震中距小于8 000 km、Ms≥7.8大震的同震响应资料,系统分析水温年月日正常动态特征,发现远震引起的水温同震效应特征为上升脉冲,与以往的非自流井水温同震效应以下降为主的认识不一致;水温变化幅度与震中距、震级有一定关系,加积井水温同震效应成因,可用“层内混合”作...     

高速铁路新型路堑基床结构动力响应分析

研制出一种新的防排水结构层用以控制膨胀土路基的含水率变化,从而达到对新建云—桂高速铁路膨胀土地段整治的目的。本文采用FLAC~(3D)有限差分软件研究该新型路堑基床结构(基床中设置新型防排水结构层)在列车荷载作用下动力响应规律,并利用现场试验结果对数值研究结果进行验证。研究表明:新型基床中道砟和新型防排水结构层对动应力衰减贡献较大;新型防排水结构层对竖向动应力、剪应力衰减作用明显,增强了基床结构的动力稳定性;新型基床结构能够更有效地控制基床的动位移;新型基床中振动速度和加速度随深度的增加而减小,道砟对振动速度和加速度的衰减作用明显。新型路堑基床结构振动速度和动应力的现场实测与数值分析规律基本一致,且实测值与计算值大小相近。研究成果可为特殊土地区高速铁路基床的设计、施工及其动力响应研究提供参考。     

基于性能抗震设计中的等效线性模型研究

对6种等效线性化方法等效模型进行分析和总结,研究等效线性化方法应用于桥梁结构基于位移抗震设计的可行性及计算过程.以箍筋体积配箍率和桥梁结构承载能力为评价因素,对钢筋混凝土桥梁墩柱采用不同等效线性化方法进行基于位移的抗震设计,研究了等效线性化方法及阻尼调整系数对抗震设计结果的影响.研究表明,各种等效线性化方法应用于基于位移的抗震设计其计算结果存在较大差异,等效阻尼比对基于位移的抗震设计结果影响显著,不同的阻尼调整系数得到的计算结果也不同.在所研究的6种等效线性化方法中,Kowalsky方法、Iwan方法和欧进萍方法计算误差较小,随着位移延性系数的增大,Kowalsky方法的计算误差减小.应用Eurocode8规范提供的阻尼调整系数计算得到的结果与真实值较为接近.建议采用Eurocode8规范提供的阻尼调整系数和Kowalsky方法进行基于位移的抗震设计.     

Dynamic responses of structure–soil–structure systems with an extension of the equivalent linear soil modeling

A three-dimensional problem of cross interaction of adjacent structures through the underlying soil under seismic ground motion is investigated. The story shears and lateral relative displacements (drifts) are the targets of the computations. These are calculated using a detailed modeling of soil, the foundations and the two adjacent structures. An equivalent linear behavior is assumed for the soil by introducing reduced mechanical properties consistent with the level of ground shaking for the free-field soil. Then a distinctive soil zone (the near-field soil) is recognized in the vicinity of the foundations where the peak shear strain under the combined effect of a severe earthquake and the presence of structures is much larger than the strain threshold up to which the soil can be modeled as an equivalent linear medium. It is shown that it is still possible to use an equivalent linear behavior for the near-field soil if its shear modulus is further reduced with a factor depending on the dynamic properties of the adjacent structures, the near-field soil, and the design earthquake. Variations of the dynamic responses of different adjacent structures with their clear distances are also discussed.