强震作用下超高桥墩动力稳定性理论研究

根据平截面假定,考虑超高桥墩大位移变形产生的几何非线性影响,建立超高桥墩的振动控制微分方程,利用变步长的龙格-库塔法进行求解,结合B-R运动判定准则,对超高桥墩在地震作用下的动力失稳机理进行研究。理论分析表明,超高桥墩的动力失稳与桥墩的几何尺寸、质量分布、边界条件有密切关系;桥墩动力失稳时刻随地震波加速度峰值的增大而减小;失稳时刻与失稳加速度荷载有对应关系。算例结果表明:本文方法正确,利用本文理论能够准确计算超高桥墩的失稳时刻及失稳加速度,对超高桥墩动力失稳的理论分析及工程实践有重要指导意义。     

Mitigation of reverse faulting deformation using a soil bentonite wall: Dimensional analysis,parametric study,design implications

Recent major seismic events, such as the Chi-Chi (1999) and the Wenchuan (2008) earthquakes occurred in Taiwan and China, have offered a variety of case histories on the performance of structures subjected to reverse faulting–induced deformation. A novel faulting mitigation method has recently been proposed, introducing a soft deformable wall barrier in order to divert the fault rupture away from the structure. This can be materialized by constructing a thick diaphragm-type soil bentonite wall (SBW) between the structure and the fault rupture path. The paper investigates the key parameters in designing such a SBW, aiming to mitigate the fault rupture hazard on shallow foundations. The paper employs a thoroughly validated finite element analysis methodology to explore the efficiency of a weak SBW barrier in protecting slab foundations from large tectonic deformation due to reverse faulting. A dimensional analysis is conducted in order to generalize the validity of the derived conclusions. The dimensionless formulation is then used to conduct a detailed parametric study, exploring the effect of SBW thickness w/H, depth H_SBWl/H, and shear strength τ_soil/τ_SBW, as well as the bedrock fault offset h/H, foundation surcharge load q/ρgB, and fault outcrop location s/B. It is shown that the wall thickness, depth, and shear strength should be designed on the basis of the magnitude of the bedrock fault offset, the location of the fault relative to the structure, and the shear strength of the soil. The efficiency of the weak barrier is improved using lower strength and stiffness material compared to the alluvium. A simplified preliminary design methodology is proposed, and presented in the form of a flowchart.     

弹性能量半径演化谱及其在多自由度体系地震反应计算中的应用

目前用于结构抗震设计的反应谱仅能反映峰值反应,无法体现反应值随时间的变化。文中提出一种弹性能量半径演化谱,可反映线性单自由度体系弹性能量(即动能与弹性势能之和)随地震持时的变化,且其峰值近似等于结构峰值位移。文中给出了利用地震动演化功率谱得到该演化谱的方法并进一步发展了一种计算线性多自由度体系地震位移反应的新方法。通过两座框架结构的地震反应计算,将新方法与传统振型组合法及时程分析法的计算结果进行对比,发现对于振型稀疏结构,新方法计算结果与SRSS法接近;而对于振型密集结构,新方法计算结果较CQC法更精确,且避免了CQC法相关系数的复杂计算。     

俯冲带板内地震竖向位移谱阻尼修正系数模型研究

基于日本K-NET和KiK-net台网中4695条俯冲板内地震记录的竖向分量,建立了位移谱阻尼修正系数(DMF)模型.采用基于场地周期的场地分类方法,并通过固定效应法推导出模型系数.该DMF模型考虑了谱周期、阻尼比和场地条件的影响,可以用来调整与震源和距离无关的设计反应谱.利用阻尼比对数的二次方程式对原数据进行拟合回归...     

Seismic Displacement of Gravity Walls by a Two-body Model

Gravity walls retaining dry soil are modeled as a system of two bodies: (a) the gravity wall that slides along the wall-foundation soil boundary and (b) the critical soil wedge in the soil behind the wall. The strength of the system is defined by both the frictional and the cohesional components of resistance. The angle of the prism of the critical soil wedge behind the wall is obtained using the limit equilibrium method. The model accounts for changes in the geometry of the backfill soil behind the wall by considering the displacements at the end of each time step under limit equilibrium. The model shows that the standard (single) block model is over-conservative for the extreme case of critical-to-applied-seismic acceleration ratios less than about 0.30, but works well for cases where this ratio ranges between 0.5 and 0.8. The model is applied to predict the seismic displacement of gravity walls (a) tested in the shaking-table and (b) studied numerically by elaborate elasto–plastic analyses.     

计算分层介质中位错点源静态位移场的广义反射、透射系数矩阵和离散波数方法

本文将计算合成地震图的广义反射、透射系数矩阵和离散波数方法应用于静态问题,给出了分层介质中位错点源产生的静态位移场的计算方法。该方法保留了反射、透射矩阵方法的原有优点,通过将数值结果与解析解的对比表明,该方法具有较高的数值精度,可用于研究地震断层活动造成的地表形变。     

Evolution of accelerographs, data processing, strong motion arrays and amplitude and spatial resolution in recording strong earthquake motion

This paper presents a review of the advances in strong motion recording since the early 1930s, based mostly on the experiences in the United States. A particular emphasis is placed on the amplitude and spatial resolution of recording, which both must be ‘adequate’ to capture the nature of strong earthquake ground motion and response of structures. The first strong motion accelerographs had optical recording system, dynamic range of about 50 dB and useful life longer than 30 years. Digital strong motion accelerographs started to become available in the late 1970s. Their dynamic range has been increasing progressively, and at present is about 135 dB. Most models have had useful life shorter than 5–10 years. One benefit from a high dynamic range is early trigger and anticipated ability to compute permanent displacements. Another benefit is higher sensitivity and hence a possibility to record smaller amplitude motions (aftershocks, smaller local earthquakes and distant large earthquakes), which would augment significantly the strong motion databases. The present trend of upgrading existing and adding new stations with high dynamic range accelerographs has lead to deployment of relatively small number of new stations (the new high dynamic range digital instruments are 2–3 times more expensive than the old analog instruments or new digital instruments with dynamic range of 60 dB or less). Consequently, the spatial resolution of recording, both of ground motion and structural response, has increased only slowly during the past 20 years, by at most a factor of two. A major (and necessary) future increase in the spatial resolution of recording will require orders of magnitude larger funding, for purchase of new instruments, their maintenance, and for data retrieval, processing, management and dissemination. This will become possible only with an order of magnitude cheaper and ‘maintenance-free’ strong motion accelerographs. In view of the rapid growth of computer technology this does not seem to be (and should not be) out of our reach.     

Characteristics of coseismic water level changes at Tangshan well for the Wenchuan MS_8.0 earthquake and its larger aftershocks

Coseismic water level changes which may have been induced by the Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake and its 15 larger aftershocks(MS≥5.4) have been observed at Tangshan well.We analyze the correlation between coseismic parameters(maximum amplitude, duration, coseismic step and the time when the coseismic reach its maximum amplitude) and earth-quake parameters(magnitude, well-epicenter distance and depth), and then compare the time when the coseismic oscillation reaches its maximum amplitude with the seismogram from ...     

基于U型网络的X线头影图像特征点自动定位

为了提高口腔临床诊断效率,提出一种基于U型生成对抗网络的X线头影测量图像结构特征点自动定位方法。该方法在生成对抗网络框架下构建U型生成器网络,用于学习从当前图像到目标特征点偏移距离图的映射;再构建鉴别器网络以判断预测的偏移距离图是否与真实数据一致。将新采集的X线头影测量图像作为已训练的U型生成器网络输入,得到新图像针对目标特征点的偏移距离图,然后通过回归投票方法从预测出的偏移距离图中获得检测目标特征点坐标。实验结果表明,该方法相较于其他方法具有更高的检测成功率,能较准确地获得X线头影测量图像中结构特征点的位置。     

Pull-apart Basins and the Total Lateral Displacement Along the Haiyuan Fault Zone in Cenozoic

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＩｔｉｓｄｅｂａｔｅｄａｂｏｕｔｔｈｅｔｏｔａｌｌａｔｅｒａｌｄｉｓｐｌａｃｅｍｅｎｔａｌｏｎｇｔｈｅｍａｉｎｂｏｕｎｄａｒｙｆａｕｌｔｓｏｆｉｎｔｒａｐｌａｔｅｂｌｏｃｋｓｉｎｅａｓｔｅｒｎＡｓｉａｃｏｎｔｉｎｅｎｔｉｎＣｅｎｏｚｏｉｃｅｒａ .Ｉｎｔｈｅ 1 970ｓｏｆ2 0ｔｈｃｅｎｔｕｒｙ ,ｓｏｍｅｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｓｔｓｈａｄｅｓ ｔｉｍａｔｅｄｌａｔｅｒａｌｄｉｓｐｌａｃｅｍｅｎｔｂａｓｅｄｏｎｇｅｏｍｏｒｐｈｉｃｄａｔａ .Ｔｈｅｙｐｒｏｐｏｓｅｄｔｈａｔｔｈｅｔｏｔａｌｄ…