Cyclic analysis and capacity prediction of concrete‐filled steel box columns

Concrete‐filled steel columns have been widely used in civil and architectural constructions throughout the world in recent years. This study is concerned with the cyclic elastoplastic analysis and capacity prediction of concrete‐filled steel columns having thick‐ and thin‐walled stiffened box‐shaped sections. An analytical procedure for determining the ultimate state of the concrete‐filled steel column is proposed based on the fiber analysis technique. Strength and ductility predictions are made by means of a new failure criterion. This is proposed based on the average failure strain of concrete and steel at critical regions. A recently developed monotonic stress–strain relation for confined concrete is modified so that it can be used in the analysis of thin‐ or thick‐walled section columns with stiffeners. A simple cyclic rule is introduced into this model in order to be used in cyclic analysis. Material non‐linearity of steel is represented by the modified two surface model developed at Nagoya University. The predictions are then compared with the existing experimental results and found to exhibit satisfactory agreement. Both small‐ and large‐scaled columns are considered in the comparisons. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

不对称钢骨混凝土梁抗弯刚度的试验研究

文章在5根不对称钢骨混凝土梁试验研究的基础上，利用现行规范[1]中对称钢骨混凝土梁截面抗弯刚度的计算公式，提出了不对称钢骨混凝土梁截面抗弯刚度的计算方法，建立了相应的计算公式。结果表明，按照本文公式得到的计算值与实测值吻合良好。     

钢管-钢管混凝土复合拱桥动力特性分析

福建省福鼎市山前大桥是一座应用钢管－钢管混凝土复合拱桥概念设计成的试验桥，本文以它作为研究对象，进行了动力特性的测试和计算，并讨论了主要结构参数对其动力特性的影响，为此类桥梁的设计提供参考。     

配筋钢纤维混凝土叠合梁正截面承载力试验研究

本文通过17根叠合梁的试验研究,分析了钢纤维的掺入对叠合梁正截面承载力的影响;探讨了配筋钢纤维混凝土叠合梁正截面承载力计算公式。其验算结果与实测值符合良好。     

Nanociliates of the order Prostomatida: Their relevance in the microbial food web of a mesotrophic lake

Two nanociliates of the order Prostomatida,Pseudobalanion planctonicum (12–18 µm) andUrotricha furcata (12–21 µm), were found to be the most abundant ciliates in the epilimnion of Piburger See, a small mesotrophic lake. Temperature and food availability were the main factors controlling the sudden increase in abundance, which reached a maximum of 101 cell ml^–1 at the beginning of summer. During their exponential development in numbers and biomass, a strong decrease in chlorophylla and in the abundance of phytoplankton, especiallyRhodomonas, was observed. We assume, therefore, thatPseudobalanion planctonicum andUrotricha furcata together with rotifers, mainlyPolyarthra dolichoptera, are able to reduce the phytoplankton biomass in the upper epilimnion to the same level as found during the clearwater phase. Preliminary results of grazing on bacteria suggest that these nanociliates are omnivorous, although their impact on bacterial assemblages was low (3.1% of the standing stock grazed per day). Feeding on the base of the food web combined with their high abudance at certain times makes them an important link for higher trophic levels. This study constitutes the second report onPseudobalanion as an important component of the microbial food web in lakes.     

跨海桥基海上大口径钻孔施工技术

青岛女姑山跨海桥墩基础，采用大口径海上钻孔灌注桩施工，结合工程实践，分析了海潮对地压的影响与钢护筒埋设最佳值；探讨了海上施工泥浆循环系统的合理布设；海水泥浆的配制维护及钻孔护壁等问题。     

Pelagic food web interactions and hypolimnetic oxygen depletion: Results from experimental enclosures and lakes

Large lakes enclosures were used to examine the influence of nutrient (P, N) enrichment and planktivorous fish (1 + yellow perch) predation on hypolimnetic oxygen depletion. Results were compared to similar data for lakes with high (Lake St. George) and low (Haynes Lake) abundances of planktivorous fish. In both the unfertilized and fertilized enclosures, fish predation on large cladocerans increased the biomasses of pico- and nanoplankton (0.2–20 µm), phytoplankton (chlorophyll a) and total phosphorus (TP), reduced sedimentation, water clarity, and hypolimnetic oxygen concentrations (AHO). Fertilized enclosures without fish had highest TP and sedimentation rates, but the AHO were low. The high planktivore lake had higher pico- and nanoplankton, higher chlorophyll a, reduced water clarity, and lower AHO than the low planktivore lake. Areal hypolimnetic oxygen depletion (AHOD) rates were strongly related with Secchi depth and plankton size-distribution (r ² = 0.77, and 0.79, respectively), but not as strongly with TP, chlorophyll a, and sedimentation rates (r ² = 0.25, 0.53, and 0.02, respectively). Such observations are useful in forming a generalized hypothesis that lakes with low planktivory and high water clarity have lower oxygen depletion because 1) plankton that are settling are larger and spend less time in the hypolimnetic water column before reaching the sediment, and therefore undergo less decomposition, and 2) the euphotic depth extends into the hypolimnion and production of oxygen can take place.     

胜利油田浅海石油开发区钢铁腐蚀规律

中国约有18000 km的海岸线，这使海洋的开发和利用在国民经济中所占的地位越来越重要。近年来已经建造了大量的海上采油平台、大型砂石及输油码头，埋设了大量的海底输油和通讯管线。为了缩短海陆距离，海上人工岛、跨海大桥以及海底隧道的建设也势在必行。这些工程设施的建设离不开钢铁材料，由于钢铁材料资源丰富、造价便 宜、强度大、韧性好易于加工等特点，长期以来单独或以钢筋混凝土形式被广泛应用。但由于海水是一种强电解质溶液，暴露于海洋环境中的钢构造物中的钢铁与周围介质发生电化学反应而受到严重腐蚀， 并且海洋中的风、浪、流、潮汐等水体循环运动也使其同时承受交变载荷的作用。两者的联合作用往往导致钢结构疲劳性能显著下降，大大降低了钢构造物的使用寿命。对于保证海上各种设施的安全并有效的延长其使用寿命，研究钢铁设施在不同海洋环境的腐蚀问题是一项重要工作(侯保荣，1999)。为了向胜利油田近海石油开发的海上钢铁构筑物的防护提供设计依据，作者通过在钢铁上分别挂片和电连接挂片技术在埕岛浅海对几种海洋用钢铁的腐蚀规律进行了现场研究。     

高强度钢54SiCrV6超高周疲劳研究

介绍了用2万Hz超声波振动疲劳试验机对高强度钢54SiCrV6的超高周（10亿周）疲劳强度研究，结果发现，该种材料的高周直到超高周区间，疲劳强度随材料寿命的加大呈明显减小，即S－N曲线呈明显下降，这一结果与传统的假说完全不同。传统的假说认为该区间的疲劳强度为水平渐近线或为一定值，本文建议该种材料的高周及超高周区间疲劳强度用延长线代替水平渐近线，并给出实际结果与传统假说间差别，借助于电子显微镜对试件微观组织的观察及对引起疲劳破坏起始处进行化学分析，发现这种材料的寿命在10^7周附近疲劳机理出现突变，即小于10^7周的试件的初始疲劳裂纹在表面，达到10^7周附近的 件的初始疲劳裂纹在内部，并发现试件的断裂有些是由于其中心有钙化物等杂质，另一些则是由于材料内部空洞引起。     

Performance of clay masonry veneer in wood‐stud walls subjected to out‐of‐plane seismic loads

This paper presents the findings of shaking‐table experiments conducted to examine the out‐of‐plane seismic performance of masonry veneer walls. Seven wall assemblies were tested, each consisting of a clay masonry veneer anchored to a wood‐stud backing. Design variables include the type of veneer ties, tie spacing, and presence or absence of mortar joint reinforcement and window opening. The walls were designed and constructed in accordance with current US code provisions. Results of the experiments show that failure of the corrugated ties is governed by pullout of the nails from the wood studs, while failure of the rigid ties is governed by detachment from the mortar joints or pull‐through of the screw heads through fastener holes. Both types of ties show satisfactory performance under ground motions corresponding to Design Basis and Maximum Considered Earthquakes representative of Seismic Design Category E. Although the rigid ties were stronger than the corrugated ties, they had wider vertical spacing and failed at a slightly higher seismic load. Observed extraction capacities of the nails show high variability, which merits attention. Joint reinforcement did not show any noticeable effect on the out‐of‐plane behavior of the veneer. Results of an analytical study have shown that the detachment of a veneer from the backing system is preceded by veneer cracking, which influences the distribution of tie forces, and that the vertical tie spacing influences the cracking load for the veneer. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.