三河煤矿采空区地面塌陷地质灾害调查钻探技术

针对河北三河煤矿采空塌陷区内地层破碎、岩石软硬不均、钻进泥浆漏失严重、钻进效率低、岩心采取难等问题,采取了一系列钻探技术方法,在确保岩心钻探工程质量的前提下提高了钻进效率。为初步查明三河煤矿开采区地面塌陷范围、发育特征、危害程度等,提供了准确、翔实的地质资料;为开发利用煤矿采空塌陷区及下步勘查和城乡规划提供了依据。 关键词：煤矿采空塌陷区;岩心钻探;钻探工程质量     

The source of platinum group elements in basalts of the ophiolite complex of the Kamchatsky Mys Peninsula (Eastern Kamchatka)

Contents of platinum group elements (PGE—Os, Ir, Ru, Rh, Pt, and Pd) and rhenium in basalts of different geochemical types from the ophiolite complex of the Kamchatsky Mys Peninsula have been determined by the isotope dilution-mass spectrometry method. The total contents of PGE in different basalts are commensurate (1.4-3.6 ppb), but the element ratios vary considerably. A specific feature of the rocks is the low degree of PGE fractionation (Pd/Ir = 0.9-6.6, Pt/Pd = 1.0-7.3), which makes them similar to the Hawaiian tholeiitic basalts and picrites. The most fractionated PGE pattern is observed for alkali basalt (Pd/Ir = 6.6), and the least fractionated one, for E-MORB (Pd/Ir = 1.7). The similarity of the PGE patterns of basalts of different geochemical types suggests their similar mantle sources. We propose a model explaining the geochemical features of the basalts of the Kamchatsky Mys ophiolite complex by an impurity of the Earth’s core material in the plume source. The Ir/Pd-Ru/Pd and Pd/10-Ir-Ru discrimination diagrams can be used to identify enriched (plume) basalts based on their PGE content.     

Loose programming of GIS workflows with geo‐analytical concepts

Loose programming enables analysts to program with concepts instead of procedural code. Data transformations are left underspecified, leaving out procedural details and exploiting knowledge about the applicability of functions to data types. To synthesize workflows of high quality for a geo‐analytical task, the semantic type system needs to reflect knowledge of geographic information systems (GIS) at a level that is deep enough to capture geo‐analytical concepts and intentions, yet shallow enough to generalize over GIS implementations. Recently, core concepts of spatial information and related geo‐analytical concepts were proposed as a way to add the required abstraction level to current geodata models. The core concept data types (CCD) ontology is a semantic type system that can be used to constrain GIS functions for workflow synthesis. However, to date, it is unknown what gain in precision and workflow quality can be expected. In this article we synthesize workflows by annotating GIS tools with these types, specifying a range of common analytical tasks taken from an urban livability scenario. We measure the quality of automatically synthesized workflows against a benchmark generated from common data types. Results show that CCD concepts significantly improve the precision of workflow synthesis.     

Predicting the reproduction strategies of several microalgae through their genome sequences

Documenting the sex and sexual reproduction of the microalgae is very difficult, as most of the results are based on the microscopic observation that can be heavily influenced by genetic, physiological and environmental conditions. Understanding the reproduction strategy of some microalgae is required to breed them in large scale culture industry. Instead of direct observation of sex and sexual reproduction under microscope, the whole set or the majority of core meiosis genes may evidence the sex and sexual reproduction in the unicellular algae, as the meiosis is necessary for maintaining the genomic stability and the advantages of genetic recombination. So far, the available genome sequences and bioinformatic tools(in this study, homolog searching and phylogenetic analysis) allow us to propose that at least 20 core meiosis genes(among them ≥6 must be meiosis specific) are enough for an alga to maintain its sexual reproduction. According to this assumption and the genome sequences, it is possible that sexual reproduction was carried out by Micromonas pusilla and Cyanidioschyzon merolae, while asexual reproduction was adopted by Bigelowiella natans, Guillardia theta, Nannochloropsis gaditana, N. oceanica, Chlorella variablis, Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Thalassiosira pseudonana. This understanding will facilitate the breeding trials of some economic microalgae(e.g., N. gaditana, N. oceanica, C. variablis and P. tricornutum). However, the reproduction strategies of these microalgae need to be proved by further biological experiments.     

阴阳网格上通量型非静力模式动力框架的理想试验

为改善球面经纬度网格在高分辨率应用的苛刻限制,提高全球大气动力模式的时间积分效率,选取以阴阳网格为基础构建通量型非静力大气模式动力框架,采用有限体积法和通量型平流显式算法积分方案,保证模式的守恒计算性能。该动力框架在标准三维大气理想试验中进行了中期积分试验,对动力框架的计算效果、性能进行检验。在三维平衡流试验,罗斯贝-豪威茨波试验和山脉罗斯贝波试验中均表现出很好的稳定性和三维计算效果,其中水平2.5°分辨率模式的平衡流垂直速度误差为10-5量级,而经向速度误差在10-2量级,罗斯贝-豪威茨波保持基本波形稳定传播,而地形罗斯贝波试验则给出背风坡激发低槽在发展过程中不断向下游和南半球传播。      

4000 m岩心钻机桅杆结构设计与有限元分析

桅杆是钻机的重要组成部分,本文对勘探技术研究所自主研制的4000米岩心钻机桅杆进行结构设计,在Solidworks中完成桅杆的建模,运用ANSYS Workbench对桅杆装配体进行有限元分析,完成对桅杆结构强度和刚度的校核,并对其进行模态分析,得到前10阶固有频率和振型,与激振源进行对比,分析发现第1阶、第2阶固有频率与钻机转盘和起升系统频率有重叠,可能会发生共振,通过调节钻机转盘和起升系统转速避免发生共振,振动时最大变形处变形量较小,说明桅杆结构设计合理,能够满足实际应用要求,具有一定的工程应用价值。     

松辽盆地南部油气田钻井取心关键技术

为有效解决松辽盆地南部油气田储集层取心钻头选型困难、机械钻速低和岩心收获率不稳定等难题,在分析取心井段地质特征、XRD元素组分占比、地层可钻性的基础上,开展了取心筒和岩心爪比选、取心钻头选型和个性化取心钻头的研制,同时优选取心钻具组合和优化取心参数,完善不同储集层取心工艺技术配套。比选后的取心工具配合新型取心钻头在多口井的取心实践中,取得了平均岩心收获率>98.98%、最高机械钻速达到6.03 m/h的效果。系列取心钻头优选和配套关键技术的应用解决了目前松辽盆地南部储集层取心的技术难题,可为后续取心提供可靠的参考和技术支持。     

绿色勘查技术在广丰许家桥黑滑石矿详查中的应用

在村镇辖区周边矿产勘查中,遇到民居、农田、道路、农业基础设施、山地植被绿化等,为了保护生态环境,满足绿色勘查的要求,提高地质矿产勘查工作质量和效率,在广丰许家桥黑滑石矿详查中,采用无人机航测、便携式全液压岩心钻机等技术设备进行勘查施工.项目通过先进的设备选型、环保的技术工艺、科学的勘查方案及具体的环保措施,取得了缩短勘查周期、提高岩（矿）心采取率、消除传统勘查安全隐患、降低征地搬迁劳动强度与成本及减轻对生态环境的污染与破坏的成效,实现了地质勘查质优高效,经济效益和社会效益双丰收,达到绿色勘察的目标任务。地质矿产勘查工作走绿色勘查之路,不仅保护了绿水青山生态环境,还可通过高标准的绿色勘查技术手段和环境保护要求,提高勘查效率和质量、降低劳动强度和成本、实现节能降耗目标,是一条可持续、高质量发展之路。     

湖南永顺永页2井破碎地层取心问题分析与处理对策

为了解决湖南永顺区块钻遇复杂破碎地层所出现的岩心采取率不足的问题,本文在永页2井的基础上,调查了勘查区的地质构造特征,根据不同地层的取心岩样分析了地层特性。在严格按照钻孔设计及质量要求的前提下,在各个阶段采取了不同的冲洗液,做到无垮塌、无漏失。面对破碎地层岩心采取率不足,研制和使用了一种囊袋多节捆绑式绳索取心钻具,利用其独特的囊袋结构,配以超前侧喷钻头,能够保护岩心免受冲洗液冲刷。结果显示：后续的钻进过程中,井深在1055.76~1108.96 m,岩心采取率由原来的最低79%,提高至90%以上,岩心得到了较好的保护。上述方法能够有效地解决破碎地层出现的岩心采取率不足问题,并能为后续的工作和类似工程提供保障和借鉴。     

基于砂岩型铀矿原状岩心的渗流特性试验研究

为研究不同围压、不同组合形式下疏松砂岩的渗透率变化规律,以砂岩铀矿原状岩心为试验对象,采用自行研制的HKY-1型长岩心渗流试验仪进行了应力-渗流耦合试验。笔者分别从围压、排列次序和长度占比三个方面开展试验研究,结果表明:1)梯度围压条件下,两段岩心组合后的整体渗透率与围压呈负相关,符合二次多项式函数衰减规律;2)围压梯度递增,多段岩心组合中不同岩性试样孔隙尺寸的差异逐渐减小,细砂岩的排列次序对整体渗透率的影响也随之减弱;3)5 MPa围压作用下,当两种试样长度占比为1∶1时,组合试样的整体渗透率与目标试样长度占比之间的变化规律符合幂指数分布,粗砂岩组递增,细砂岩组递减,中砂岩组为近似水平分布。