岩心裂缝重定向的古地磁方法研究

裂缝信息对于低渗透储层的勘探开发具有重要意义。本文在深入探讨利用古地磁方法进行岩心裂缝重定向原理的基础上,详细介绍了岩心裂缝重定向的工作方法。针对垂直及平行于岩心中心轴的两种样品加工方式,推导出可直接利用退磁结果表达的裂缝方向的公式,并将这一结果应用于鄂尔多斯盆地一口有裂缝井的岩心,取得较好的应用效果。研究结果表明,利用古地磁方法进行岩心裂缝重定向具有操作简便、成本较低、且精度相对较高的特点。本文研究结果对于鄂尔多斯盆地的裂缝系统研究具有参考意义。     

Genesis of cristobalite and tridymite at low temperatures

It is suggested that an explanation of the observed metastable formation of cristobalite and tridymite in the stability field of quartz lies in the topology of these silica polymorphs and the resulting energies at the time of formation.     

Variscan plate dynamics in the circum-carpathian area

Abstract

Magmatic and metamorphic events, imprinted in the crystalline rocks of the so-called core mountains inside the Alpine structure of the Inner Carpathians, allow the re-construction of the history of the Rheic Ocean opening, its development and its final closure. Intra-Carpathian core-mountains are the remnants of the continents that drifted away from Gondwana and docked, initially, with Baltica as part of Avalonia and later on as parts of the Gondwana-derived Armorica Terrane Group or as a separate micro-continent.

All magmatic suites, mafic and felsic, present in the Carpathians core mountains, show similarities to those found in the European Variscan Belt. All described- and dated metamorphic and magmatic events also have equivalents in the evolution of the Caledonian-Variscan Belts of Europe. The most pronounced feature of all Carpathian core mountains is the syn-collisional, multistage I/S granitoid magmatism (370-340 Ma) related to subduction, mafic-magma influx, extensional decompression and slab melting. That episode marked the Laurussia - Gondwana collision and closure of the Rheic Ocean, as in the whole of Central and Western Europe.

The Carpathian core-mountains, currently dispersed inside the Alpine mountain chain, can be considered the broken fragments of the eastern prolongation of the Variscan orogenic belts – possibly part of the Moldanubian Unit.     

极地冰层回转钻进切削热量测试装置的研制

极地冰盖深部“暖冰”层钻进时,由于冰层的温度较高,接近甚至达到冰的压力熔点,回转钻进时产生的切削热量极易使冰屑融化,导致机械钻速慢、取心率低、卡钻事故频发。钻压、转速、切削具结构等参数均对切削热量有一定的影响,有必要设计一套实验装置对切削热量进行测试,从而为设计切削具结构、优化钻进参数组合提供理论依据。以XY-1型岩心钻机钻进系统为平台,利用无线信号传输原理设计了冰层回转钻进切削热量测试实验台。初步测试结果表明,该实验装置能够准确测量钻压、扭矩、切削温度等参数,可用来进行相关的实验研究。     

一种新型双缸互助折叠钻塔的设计思路及要点

介绍了一种新型双缸互助折叠钻塔的设计思路及要点。双缸互助折叠钻塔是为履带立轴式塔机一体岩心钻机配置的一组部件。钻塔折叠后满足运输长度,展开后满足施工高度。用双缸互助,将塔的上段翻转180?,实现塔的展开或塔的折叠。打钻前的展开、插销、起塔、塔的滑移着地,进入打钻状态,打钻结束后,塔的拆销,折叠,滑移,收、落塔,全过程的动作均为全液压驱动。达到整机方便移孔、方便运输、减少劳动力及辅助成本的目的。     

Phase relations of iron and iron–nickel alloys up to 300 GPa: Implications for composition and structure of the Earth's inner core

We have investigated the phase relations of iron and iron–nickel alloys with 18 to 50 wt.% Ni up to over 300 GPa using a laser-heated diamond-anvil cell. The synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements show the wide stability of hcp-iron up to 301 GPa and 2000 K and 319 GPa and 300 K without phase transition to dhcp, orthorhombic, or bcc phases. On the other hand, the incorporation of nickel has a remarkable effect on expanding the stability field of fcc phase. The geometry of the temperature–composition phase diagram of iron–nickel alloys suggests that the hcp–fcc–liquid triple point is located at 10 to 20 wt.% Ni at the pressure of the inner core boundary. The fcc phase could crystallize depending on the nickel and silicon contents in the Earth's core, both of which are fcc stabilizer.     

土石坝横向裂缝的土工离心机模型试验研究

岸坡突变所产生的不均匀沉降变形常常是导致土石坝心墙发生横向裂缝的主要原因。使用糯扎渡高心墙堆石坝心墙混合土料进行了模拟心墙发生横向裂缝的土工离心机模型试验。试验中再现了由于岸坡坡度变化导致坝顶发生横向裂缝的现象。采用工程中常用的3种裂缝分析方法：倾度法、Leonards法和有限元应力法对试验结果进行了分析。结果表明,前两种方法仅在测点较多时才是适用的,而有限元应力法对土石坝心墙横向裂缝问题更为有效。     

土石坝心墙水力劈裂的研究进展

简要评述了国内外关于土石坝心墙水力劈裂的研究现状,归纳了土石坝心墙水力劈裂在发生机理、发生条件和影响因素等方面的研究成果。     

绳索取心钻杆的瞬间液相扩散连接

采用瞬间液相扩散连接方法焊接绳索取心钻杆。试验表明, 瞬间液相扩散连接接头拉伸时断在45MnMoB杆体侧, 面弯和背弯180°未开裂, 且焊缝内外表面无余高, 成形美观, 满足绳索取心钻杆焊接接头的技术要求。扭转试验中, 管体首先开裂, 焊缝未开裂, 扭转强度远远高于螺纹连接扭转强度。表明瞬间液相扩散连接技术是满足绳索取心钻杆焊接要求的一种先进方法。      

8.4 ka以来纳木错湖芯介形类组合的环境变化意义

A 332-cm long lacustrine core was drilled in the Nam Co in the central-southern part of the Tibetan Plateau. From the core, 15 species of ostracods (Crustacea: Ostracoda), which belong to 6 genera have been identified. According to the variations of the ostracod assem-blages and the ostracods ecological features, which are sensitive to the changing environ-ment, three main stages can be distinguished as follows: Stage I was from 8400 to 6800 a BP, during which the climate was cold-humid, and the lake depth changed from shallow to deep. Stage II was from 6400 to 2500 a BP, during which the climate changed from warm-humid to cold-humid, and then to cold-dry. The lake depth gradually became deep. The shifting of cli-mate, from wet-cold to dry-cold during this period, had constructed the basis of present en-vironment in the Nam Co. Stage III was from 2500 a BP to the present, which showed a trait of lake depth increasing. At the earlier period of this stage, the climate kept as cold-dry as that in the former stage, but the salinity of the lake increased. At the later period of this stage, the degree of cold-dry was enhanced, and the activities of land surface runoff tended to be weakened. Our research also found that the peak values of ostracods with black shell was coherent with the maximum production of the ostracods, and agreed with the increasing sedimentary water dynamics. This indicated that the ostracods with black shell was simulta-neous with the high prolificacy of ostracod, and transported from other places. The abun-dance of Candona juvenile shells reflected the high mortality of that kind of ostracods under an unfavorable condition. This was probably a result of the rapid change of water dynamics of sedimentary environment.