Crucial physical characteristics of sea ice in the Arctic section of 143°–180°W during August and early September 2008

Sea-ice physical characteristics were investigated in the Arctic section of 143°-180°W during August and early September 2008. Ship-based observations show that both the sea-ice thickness and concentration recorded during southward navigation from 30 August to 6 September were remarkably less than those recorded during northward navigation from 3 to 30 August, especially at low latitudes. Accordingly, the marginal ice zone moved from about 74.0°N to about 79.5°N from mid-August to early September. Melt-pond coverage increased with increasing latitude, peaking at 84.4°N, where about 27% of ice was covered by melt ponds. Above this latitude, melt-pond coverage decreased evidently as the ice at high latitudes experienced a relatively short melt season and commenced its growth stage by the end of August. Regional mean ice thickness increased from 0.8 (±0.5) m at 75.0°N to 1.5 (±0.4) m at 85.0°N along the northward navigation while it decreased rapidly to 0.6 (±0.3) m at 78.0°N along the southward navigation. Because of relatively low ice concentration and thin ice in the investigated Arctic sector, both the short-term ice stations and ice camp could only be set up over multiyear sea ice. Observations of ice properties based on ice cores collected at the short-term ice stations and the ice camp show that all investigated floes were essentially isothermal with high temperature and porosity, and low density and salinity. Most ices had salinity below 2 and mean density of 800-860 kg/m~3 . Significant ice loss in the investigated Arctic sector during the last 15 a can be identified by comparison with the previous observations.     

海拉尔盆地碎屑岩地层断裂带内部结构及断层封闭性

根据盆地演化规律及断层穿层性,将海拉尔盆地断裂分为盆地基底断裂和盖层断裂;根据活动时期和变形特征,分为早期伸展断裂系统、中期张扭断裂系统、早期伸展)中期张扭断裂系统、中期张扭)晚期反转断裂系统和早期伸展)中期张扭)晚期反转断裂系统.结合海拉尔盆地岩心和野外观察,建立3种断裂带内部结构模式:致密储层中断层角砾岩结构、泥质岩盖层中泥岩涂抹结构和泥质岩盖层内断层泥结构.与油气垂向运移有关的断裂系统包括早期伸展)中期张扭)晚期反转断裂系统(正反转断层)、早期伸展)中期张扭)晚期反转活动的断裂系统(反转再活动正断层)和中期张扭)晚期反转活动的断裂系统.该研究成果可以为海拉尔盆地断层封闭性评价提供指导.     

一种砂砾岩介质岩心表征的新方法

针对纵向非均质性严重的砂砾岩油藏,基于典型的分层砂砾岩图像,在不同层位选取代表性的岩心薄片分别构建相应的三维数字岩心,采用合并法构建砂砾岩数字岩心,并提取相应的孔隙网络模型,采用常规法构建相应的砂砾岩孔隙网络模型,对常规法和合并法得到的孔隙网络模型结构特征和渗透率特征进行对比分析。分析结果表明,合并法构建的砂砾岩孔隙网络模型能够描述其孔隙结构特征,且能有效地描述出砂岩介质在横向和纵向渗透率的差异特征,可为砂砾岩油藏岩心的精确表征及渗流机制的分析提供一套有效地研究思路。     

CSS集群技术在地震核心网中的应用

随着网络虚拟化技术的发展,以及地震系统业务内容的扩展,原地震行业网络核心层从性能上已逐渐难以满足需求。为保障网络可靠高效运转,同时为满足地震行业网络零中断的需求,利用新一代CSS交换机集群技术,采用中间设备临时接管的方法,对地震核心网进行了平滑改造升级,通过升级简化了网络结构,提高了网络效能。     

The Pelona–Orocopia–Rand and related schists of southern California: a review of the best-known archive of shallow subduction on the planet

ABSTRACT

The Pelona–Orocopia–Rand and related schists of southern California are an archetypal example of an exhumed shallow subduction complex. ‘The schist’ comprises mainly trench materials underthust beneath continental arc rocks during Late Cretaceous–early Cenozoic collision of one or more oceanic plateaux with southern California. The arc-on-trench relationship, without intervening mantle or lowermost crust, implies that significant subduction erosion accompanied shallow subduction. Upsection increases in metamorphic grade (~150 ± 100°C/km) and spatial variations in age and peak temperature provide an ~50 million year long record of tectonic underplating within a cooling system. Evidence for palaeoseismic events in earliest formed and hottest (locally transitional granulite grade) schists provides a possible field-based record of episodic tremor and slow slip events such as detected in several modern shallow subduction zones. Structural ascent of the schist was achieved in distinct Late Cretaceous–early Eocene and late Oligocene–early Miocene extensional pulses, the first during collapse of gravitationally unstable upper plate assemblages and accompanied by trench-directed (top-NE) lower plate extrusion and the second corresponding temporally, spatially, and in character with core complex formation in the SW United States. The line between schist and core complex belts is blurred by the recent discovery of schist within 40 km of the nearest core complex and containing synkinematic Miocene intrusions, a hallmark of SW U.S. core complexes. The history of schist assembly, metamorphism, and exhumation provides the most complete field-based record of thermo-mechanical processes, subduction erosion and tectonic underplating in particular, that operated during a shallow subduction event. Future cross-disciplinary investigations of, and comparisons between, the schist and other possible ancient (e.g. Swakane gneiss, Sanbagawa belt, Qiangtang terrane) and modern (e.g. Cascadia, SW Japan, central Mexico, Chile) shallow subduction zones will yield new insights into the tectonic and petrologic processes that operate within such systems.     

绳索取心复合钻柱的动力学行为研究

绳索取心复合钻柱在岩心钻探“满眼钻进”过程中,钻杆易出现不同程度的划痕、压痕及磨痕等情况。本文利用非线性有限元方法,采用三维管单元对绳索取心复合钻柱拉压两处截面的涡动轨迹、涡动速度、横向振动、纵向振动规律进行了分析。结果表明：转速的增加和钻压的增大会显著增加钻柱与井壁的碰撞次数;在相同钻压条件下,随着钻柱回转速度的增大,钻柱与井壁的碰撞机率增加、接触轨迹增长,致使钻柱与孔壁的滑动摩擦机会增多;钻柱的涡动速度均值将随钻压和转速的增加而增大,转速大于钻压的影响;转速的增加则会加大钻柱的横向振荡频率,钻压的增大会增加钻柱横截面的纵向振荡幅值。     

高温高盐高黏油藏缔合聚合物-表面活性剂二元驱技术

针对大港油田孔南地区高温、高盐、中低渗、稠油等制约化学驱提高采收率的瓶颈技术问题,以官109 1断块枣Ⅴ油组为目标油藏,在优选适合缔合聚合物和表面活性剂基础上,进行聚合物-表面活性剂二元驱技术室内实验和现场应用研究。通过室内实验优选,缔合聚合物AP P7和表面活性剂BHS 01二元体系溶液与常规体系相比,具有较好的耐温抗盐性,拓展了常规二元驱适用油藏的温度和矿化度范围;缔合聚合物经过岩心剪切后仍能够有效建立阻力系数和残余阻力系数;通过岩心驱替实验,体系能有效提高稠油油藏的采收率,拓宽了聚合物驱适用的原油黏度范围;矿场单井试注后,注入井注入压力和启动压力升高,纵向吸水剖面得到改善,说明该体系在高温高盐条件下仍能保持较高黏度,能够有效改善水油流度比,效果明显。     

高原低涡结构特征模拟与诊断的初步研究

利用二重嵌套的非静力中尺度数值模式MM5对2005年7月28—29日的一次高原低涡过程进行了数值模拟,并利用模拟结果对此次低涡的结构进行了初步分析。结果表明：MM5模式对此次低涡过程有较好的模拟能力,模拟出的位势高度场分布和涡度场结构与实况基本吻合。此次高原低涡具有同热带气旋相似的涡眼（空心）结构和暖心结构。在流场上,高原低涡在涡眼区下层表现为辐散下沉运动,上层为辐合上升运动;而在涡心四周下层表现为辐合上升运动,上层为辐散下沉运动;在涡度场上,高原低涡下层为正涡度区,上层为负涡度区。     

Evolution of Mount Fuji,Japan: Inference from drilling into the subaerial oldest volcano,pre‐Komitake

A buried, old volcanic body (pre‐Komitake Volcano) was discovered during drilling into the northeastern flank of Mount Fuji. The pre‐Komitake Volcano is characterized by hornblende‐bearing andesite and dacite, in contrast to the porphyritic basaltic rocks of Komitake Volcano and to the olivine‐bearing basaltic rocks of Fuji Volcano. K‐Ar age determinations and geological analysis of drilling cores suggest that the pre‐Komitake Volcano began with effusion of basaltic lava flows around 260 ka and ended with explosive eruptions of basaltic andesite and dacite magma around 160 ka. After deposition of a thin soil layer on the pre‐Komitake volcanic rocks, successive effusions of lava flows occurred at Komitake Volcano until 100 ka. Explosive eruptions of Fuji Volcano followed shortly after the activity of Komitake. The long‐term eruption rate of about 3 km³/ka or more for Fuji Volcano is much higher than that estimated for pre‐Komitake and Komitake. The chemical variation within Fuji Volcano, represented by an increase in incompatible elements at nearly constant SiO₂, differs from that within pre‐Komitake and other volcanoes in the northern Izu‐Bonin arc, where incompatible elements increase with increasing SiO₂. These changes in the volcanism in Mount Fuji may have occurred due to a change in regional tectonics around 150 ka, although this remains unproven.     

The Godzilla Megamullion,the largest oceanic core complex on the earth: a historical review

The Godzilla Megamullion is the largest known oceanic core complex (OCC) on the Earth, located in the Parece Vela Basin in the Philippine Sea. In this article, the history of Godzilla Megamullion study is reviewed for the first time, dividing it into three major phases: (i) the early studies done before Japan's extended continental shelf survey program; (ii) the studies during Japan's extended continental shelf survey program that discovered the OCC; and (iii) the studies by the post‐discovery cruises. The early studies included an interpretation of US nautical chart of the southwestern Pacific and the site surveys for Deep Sea Drilling Project cruises (DSDP Legs 6, 31 and 59). The early studies recognized the presence of the Parece Vela Rift, the extinct spreading axis of the Parece Vela Basin, and established the currently accepted model that the Philippine Sea evolved with eastward progression of backarc spreading and arc migration. The modern understanding of the Parece Vela Basin comes from Japan's extended continental shelf survey program. The program revealed the ultramafic petrology as well as a two‐stage evolution model of the basin. Following these results, the discovery of the Godzilla Megamullion was made in 2001. The studies by the post‐discovery cruises further revealed important characteristics of the OCC, such as the presence of abundant plagioclase‐bearing peridotite and the systematic temporal changes in both deformation microstructures and composition of plagioclase and amphibole in gabbroic mylonites and ultramylonites. Zircon U–Pb ages of gabboric and leucocratic rocks indicate that the terminal phase of Parece Vela Basin spreading was with a significant decline in spreading rate and asymmetry accompanying formation of the Godzilla Megamullion. The estimated denudation rate of the OCC was approximately 2.5 cm/yr; significantly slower than the previous estimate based on poorly constrained magnetic data.