京津冀城市群城市化质量综合评价研究

通过构建城市化发展质量评价指标体系,基于熵值法对京津冀城市群城市化发展质量进行评价,并借助耦合协调度模型对城市化发展质量和城市化水平的协调性进行分析,最终划分出京津冀城市群城市化综合质量类型。结果表明:1)从城市化发展质量所处阶段看,北京已进入后期完善阶段,天津则属于优化提升阶段,河北所有城市还处在低质量阶段。2)北京、天津的城市化发展质量和城市化水平为初级协调阶段,石家庄、唐山、秦皇岛、廊坊属于濒临失调阶段,其余城市为轻度失调阶段。3)北京、天津为高发展质量-初级协调城市,石家庄、唐山、秦皇岛、廊坊为低发展质量-濒临失调城市,其余城市为低发展质量-轻度失调城市。     

江苏省海洋经济与区域经济耦合协调性研究

伴随着海洋资源开发和海洋科技进步,海洋产业在国民经济中扮演着日益重要的角色,海洋经济与区域经济的协调发展成为研究热点。江苏省是沿海地区经济发展强省,但其海洋经济发展优势并不突出,为了对其海洋经济与区域经济的耦合协调发展状态及耦合发展的制约因素进行研究,文章在探析海洋经济系统与区域经济系统耦合发展机理的基础上,借鉴物理学耦合度函数构建了海洋经济与区域经济的耦合协调度模型,并对2006~2012年江苏及其他沿海省市海洋经济与区域经济的耦合协调度进行了评价。结果表明2006~2012年间,江苏省海洋经济与区域经济的耦合协调度不断提高,逐步迈入了磨合发展的关键期,但海洋产业发展模式落后和海陆互动性弱等因素导致其与沿海其他省市相比仍有较大差距。本研究能够为江苏海洋经济发展提供科学建议。     

区域创新系统与产业转型耦合协调度分析——以铜陵市为例

从人地系统的视角考察区域创新系统与资源型城市转型之间的内涵关系,揭示二者之间相互耦合协调的作用机制。通过构建评价指标体系,采用熵值赋权法并运用耦合协调度模型对2008~2013年铜陵市区域创新系统与资源型城市转型发展指数、耦合协调度进行测度、评价和分析。研究表明,在产业转型政策实施和区域创新系统建设条件下,铜陵市区域创新系统与资源型城市转型指数均呈增长趋势;二者的耦合协调度由低度水平跨越式上升至高度水平,呈现非线性的演变特征。并根据研究结论,提出了相关建议。     

人口城镇化与土地城镇化协调性测度及优化——以南昌市为例

人口与土地是城镇化的重要组成部分,分析二者之间状态演化对促进城市健康发展具有重要意义。在界定人口城镇化与土地城镇化二者概念基础上,基于人口构成、人口素质、人口生活、城镇规模、城镇投入、城镇产出等构建评价指标体系,并通过耦合协调模型对省会型城市南昌市2002~2011年两者之间的协调关系进行测度和分析,结果表明：① 人口城镇化指数与土地城镇化指数呈波动变化并持续上涨,城镇发展由土地滞后型向人口滞后型转变;② 人口城镇化与土地城镇化的协调状态由失调衰退区向过渡协调区演进,发展类型则由高度不协调状态向勉强协调状态过渡。在此基础上分析了南昌市人口城镇化速度滞后于土地城镇化速度的原因,指出两者关系主要受到城市发展外在制度与内在基础的共同作用,并认为构建人口与土地城镇化双重优化路径是协调人口城镇化与土地城镇化同步发展的有效途径。     

北京市基础设施与经济社会发展关系

基础设施对城市与区域经济社会发展具有正的溢出效应。本文以北京市为例,分别测度了北京市基础设施对经济增长的贡献率,基础设施部门对其他经济部门的关联关系,以及基础设施与经济社会发展水平的协调度。研究发现：①1978-2014年,北京市基础设施对经济增长的平均贡献率为34.9%,其中“七五”“八五”和“九五”时期基础设施建设提速,其贡献率高达45%左右;从各基础设施对GDP的狭义贡献度来看,邮电基础设施所创造的GDP最高,占到全市GDP的9%以上,往下依次为交通、能源和水务部门;②交通和能源部门的感应度系数较高,说明其他经济部门的增长将增加对该基础设施部门的需求,进而带动后者的增长,同时也意味着该基础设施部门易对经济发展产生制约作用,需要适度超前建设;③北京市基础设施发展水平相对滞后于经济社会发展,尤其是水务基础设施,虽然在波动中有所改善,但仍然是基础设施发展的短板,与经济社会的协调发展度最低。     

Using estimated thermodynamic properties to model accessory phases: the case of tourmaline

Accessory phases and minor components in minerals are commonly ignored in thermodynamic modelling. Such an approach seems unwarranted, as accessory phases can represent a significant element reservoir and minor components can substantially change their host mineral's stability field. However, a lack of thermodynamic data prohibits assessment of these effects. In this contribution, the polyhedron method is used to estimate the thermodynamic properties of tourmaline, a common and widespread accessory phase, stable over a range of P–T–X conditions. The polyhedron method allows Δ H , S , V , C _P and V _m ( T , P ) properties to be estimated from a linear stoichiometric summation over the fractional properties of its polyhedron constituents. To allow for estimates of tourmaline, fractional thermodynamic properties for B^III and B^IV polyhedra were derived. Mixing contributions to molar volume were evaluated and symmetrical mixing parameters derived for Al-Mg, Al-Fe and Al-Li interaction on tourmaline's Y-site and T-site Al-Si interaction. Evaluation of the estimated properties using experimental and natural equilibria between tourmaline and melts, minerals and hydrothermal fluids, shows that reliable semi-quantitative results are obtained. The boron contents in fluids coexisting with tourmaline are calculated to within an order of magnitude of measured content, and where anchor-points are available, agreement improves to within a factor of 2. Including tourmaline in petrogenetic modelling of metamorphic rocks indicates that its presence leads to disappearance of staurolite and garnet, among others, and modifies the X _Mg of coexisting phases, in line with observations on natural rocks.     

辽宁沿海经济带经济与环境协调发展度的时空演变

经济与环境协调发展度是衡量一个地区可持续发展能力的重要定量指标。本文构建了辽宁沿海经济带经济与环境协调发展度评价指标体系,运用协调发展度模型对研究区域2000～2009年的协调发展度进行计算及时空演变分析。研究发现:在时间演变方面,辽宁沿海经济带经济与环境区域综合协调度呈“V”型发展趋势,区域综合协调发展度呈稳步上升趋势,且各城市协调发展度所属类型层次较高,整体上达到中级协调发展类水平;在空间演变方面,辽宁沿海经济带六大城市大致可分为三大类型,且东部、南部城市较西部、北部城市发展更为协调,但各城市空间差异逐步缩小。本研究还分别从宏观政策调控、产业结构升级、区域布局优化及环保门槛提高等方面,分析了辽宁沿海经济带经济与环境协调发展度时空演变机理,指出辽宁沿海经济带在上述因素的驱动下,经济综合发展水平和环境综合承载能力均有所提高,但由于产业同构、海岸带生态脆弱等现象的存在,转变经济增长方式,推动区域经济与环境协调发展仍然是未来发展的主要任务。     

Integrating Natural Resource Management for Better Environmental Outcomes

Severe problems of fragmented policies and uncoordinated implementation undermine natural resource management in Australia. There have been promising signs of progress through activities such as the National Forest Policy, Council of Australian Government water reforms, National Land and Water Resources Audit, the Murray‐Darling Basin initiative and the National Action Plan for Salinity and Water Quality to integrate resource policies. There have also been some notable successes at State and local level. But fragmentation endures. This paper provides evidence of the enduring problem of fragmentation and presents a framework to analyse Australia's experience in natural resource management. The analysis reveals the multi‐dimensional character of the problems and identifies a diverse set of actions that need to be taken to improve integration in policy and implementation. Particular attention is given to the potential for regional programs to contribute to improved integration and NRM.     

A new method to calculate end-member thermodynamic properties of minerals from their constituent polyhedra II: heat capacity, compressibility and thermal expansion

Thermodynamic calculations in petrology are generally performed at pressures and temperatures beyond the standard state conditions. Accurate prediction of mineral equilibria therefore requires knowledge of the heat capacity, thermal expansion and compressibility for the minerals involved. Unfortunately, such data are not always available. In this contribution we present a data set to estimate the heat capacity, thermal expansion and compressibility of mineral end‐members from their constituent polyhedra, based on the premise that the thermodynamic properties of minerals can be described by a linear combination of the fractional properties of their constituents. As such, only the crystallography of the phase of interest needs to be known. This approach is especially powerful for hypothetical mineral end‐members and for minerals, for which the experimental determination of their thermodynamic properties is difficult. The data set consists of the properties for 35 polyhedra in the system K–Na–Ca–Li–Be–Mg–Mn–Fe–Co–Ni–Zn–Al–Ti–Si–H, determined by multiple linear regression analysis on a data set of 111 published end‐member thermodynamic properties. The large number of polyhedra determined allows calculation of a much larger variety of phases than was previously possible, and the choice of constituents together with the large number of thermodynamic input data results in estimates with associated uncertainty of generally <5%. The quality of the data appears to be sufficiently accurate for thermodynamic modelling as demonstrated by modelling the stability of margarite in the CASH system and the position of the talc–staurolite–chloritoid–pyrope absent invariant point in the KMASH system. In both cases, our results overlap within error with published equivalents.     

粤北山区区域差距与协调发展战略研究--以广东省韶关市为例

为了测度粤北山区的韶关市区域内部和外部的差距，首先对广东省的市际和地带性差距进行了分析，然后测度和分析了韶关市各县（市）区域差距的变动趋势。进而分析了韶关市现有区域协调政策的成绩和存在的问题。在此基础上，提出了韶关市的区域协调发展战略：建立健全多层次的区域协调机构；加大纵向和横向政府财政转移支付的力度；加强与相邻相关地区的协调；进行指引型区域管治。