Diagenesis and Fluid Flow History in Sandstones of the Upper Permian Black Jack Formation, Gunnedah Basin, Eastern Australia

The fluid flow history during diagenesis of sandstones in the Upper Permian Black Jack Formation of the Gunnedah Basin has been investigated through integrated petrographic observations, fluid inclusion investigations and stable isotope analyses. The early precipitation of mixed-layer illite/smectite, siderite, calcite, ankerite and kaolin proceeded at the presence of Late Permian connate meteoric waters at temperatures of up to 60℃. These evolved connate pore waters were also parental to quartz, which formed at temperatures of up to 87℃. The phase of maximum burial was characterized by development of filamentous illite and late calcite at temperatures of up to -90℃. Subsequent uplifting and cooling led to deep meteoric influx from surface, which in turn resulted in dissolution of labile grains and carbonate cements, and formation of second generation of kaolin. Dawsonite was the last diagenetic mineral precipitated and its formation is genetically related to deep-seated mamagtic sourced CO2.     

江汉盆地热流史、沉积构造演化与热事件

江汉盆地是我国前新生代海相油气勘探的重要领域之一,为研究海相烃源岩的热演化史提供地热学参数,以镜质体反射率(Ro)为古温标进行热史反演,获得了盆地的热流史.印支运动以前,盆地基底热流为50～55mW/m2;晚印支－早燕山期,热流整体升高;不同构造单元达到最高古热流的时间不同,潜北断裂以北,157Ma左右达到最高古热流（～72 mW/m2）,潜北断裂以南,43 Ma左右达到最高古热流（71～76 mW/m2）;晚喜山期,热流迅速降低,盆地快速冷却.盆地热流史和沉积构造演化、岩浆活动热事件的耦合关系表现为:印支运动以前,海相盆地稳定建造阶段为统一的低热流背景,岩浆活动微弱;晚印支－早燕山期,构造活动性增强产生深部热搅动,热流整体升高;中燕山期挤压改造变形阶段热流值的高低受控于岩浆活动热事件的分区表现,盆地基底热流表现为北降南升;晚燕山－早喜山期,陆相伸展盆地建造与叠加改造阶段,岩浆活动热事件的区域特征决定热背景分区;晚喜山期,盆地萎缩,为热流值降低的冷却过程.     

涂氏磷钙石的形成条件研究

用微束矿物学和激光拉曼光谱等分析测试技术,并结合人工高压实验结果,研究了我国随州陨石冲击熔脉中的白磷钙石高压相变形成涂氏磷钙石的必要条件,并对寺巷口陨石冲击熔脉中的白磷钙石虽与林伍德石、镁铁榴石和玲根石等高压矿物共生,但仅表现为结构损伤而未相变成涂氏磷钙石的原因进行了探讨.研究结果发现,随州陨石中白磷钙石或氯磷灰石的存在是涂氏磷钙石得以形成的物质前提,陨石熔脉中高达24 GPa和2000℃以上的高压高温环境是涂氏磷钙石能够形成的条件保障,而压力释放后熔脉极快的冷却速率是涂氏磷钙石得以淬火并稳定保存的关键.研究还查明,寺巷口陨石冲击熔脉比随州陨石的熔脉要宽1至2个量级,其冷却速率比随州陨石慢得多,因此,熔脉中早先形成的涂氏磷钙石,可能在脉内较高的冲击后温度影响下,慢慢退变质成白磷钙矿.     

柴达木盆地东部中新生代两期逆冲断层作用的FT定年

柴达木盆地东部都兰一带,由于一系列北东倾的、向南西推覆的逆冲断层作用和温泉断裂的右行走滑作用,将柴达木盆地的变质基底和前中生界沉积基底翘起,从而使得柴达木盆地与共和盆地分隔开来. 逆冲断层中磷灰石裂变径迹（FT）测年结果反映了柴达木盆地基底断层作用的规律性. 从FT测年结果可以看出,FT年龄分为2组,也就是2个活动时期：第1期为108 Ma至61 Ma;第2期为26.6 Ma至17.8 Ma. 第1期反映的断裂活动具有明显的规律性：从柴达木盆地南缘的东昆仑开始,向柴北缘方向,逆冲推覆的断层作用时间逐渐变年轻,从东昆仑的108.0±9.6 Ma（柴达木南缘断裂）变为63.7±4.4 Ma（柴北缘断裂）,之后可能有小的跳动. 第2期,在原有的一些逆冲断层上形成了新的活动,或形成了一些新的逆冲断层,总体上具有无序或跳跃式变动的特点.     

地震动差动下高压输电塔-线体系的纵向反应

考虑地震波以有限波速传播时所引起的地震行波效应,基于建立的高压输电塔-线体系空间有限元模型,利用在多点输入下考虑几何非线性的动力时程分析法,研究了体系纵向地震作用下的反应特性,并和一致地震动输入下的反应情况进行比较。结果表明:行波输入既可以增加又可以降低输电塔的地震反应,这与行波波速、地震动性质、输电塔档距以及输电塔-线体系中导(地)线的松紧程度有关;行波输入使导(地)线跨中竖向位移增加十分明显,但使导(地)线跨中纵向位移减小,同时行波输入使导(地)线的轴力增加十分明显。由此得出结论:高压输电塔-线体系地震反应受行波波速影响很大,考虑地震行波效应的影响是十分必要的。     

Seismic response of skewed RC box-girder bridges

It is critical to ensure the functionality of highway bridges after earthquakes to provide access to important facilities. Since the 1971 San Fernando earthquake, there has been a better understanding of the seismic performance of bridges. Nonetheless, there are no detailed guidelines addressing the performance of skewed highway bridges. Several parameters affect the response of skewed highway bridges under both service and seismic loads which makes their behavior complex. Therefore, there is a need for more research to study the effect of skew angle and other related factors on the performance of highway bridges. This paper examines the seismic performance of a three-span continuous concrete box girder bridge with skew angles from 0 to 60 degrees, analytically. Finite element （FE） and simplified beam-stick （BS） models of the bridge were developed using SAP2000. Different types of analysis were considered on both models such as： nonlinear static pushover, and linear and nonlinear time history analyses. A comparison was conducted between FE and BS, different skew angles, abutment support conditions, and time history and pushover analysis. It is shown that the BS model has the capability to capture the coupling due to skew and the significant modes for moderate skew angles. Boundary conditions and pushover load profile are determined to have a major effect on pushover analysis. Pushover analysis may be used to predict the maximum deformation and hinge formation adequately.     

An Approach to Quantify the Heat Wave Strength and Price a Heat Derivative for Risk Hedging

Mitigating the heat stress via a derivative policy is a vital financial option for agricultural producers and other business sectors to strategically adapt to the climate change scenario. This study has provided an approach to identifying heat stress events and pricing the heat stress weather derivative due to persistent days of high surface air temperature (SAT). Cooling degree days (CDD) are used as the weather index for trade. In this study, a call-option model was used as an example for calculating the price of the index. Two heat stress indices were developed to describe the severity and physical impact of heat waves. The daily Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN-D) SAT data from 1901 to 2007 from the southern California, USA, were used. A major California heat wave that occurred 20-25 October 1965 was studied. The derivative price was calculated based on the call-option model for both long-term station data and the interpolated grid point data at a regular 0.1 ×0.1 latitude-longitude grid. The resulting comparison indicates that (a) the interpolated data can be used as reliable proxy to price the CDD and (b) a normal distribution model cannot always be used to reliably calculate the CDD price. In conclusion, the data, models, and procedures described in this study have potential application in hedging agricultural and other risks.     

中国东部地区夏季对流层大气辐射加热的研究

应用TOVS资料及MORTRAN3模式，研究中国东部夏季对流层的太阳短波辐射和红外辐射对大气的加热状况。考虑不同纬度，不同大气状况下12个站点43个样本的太阳加热率和红外冷却率情况，分析发现：在夏季的对流层，太阳加热率随着距地面的高度增加而减小，它的大小及变化率与纬度、天顶角及当时大气的状况有关，同时，太阳加热率也存在日变化。红外冷却率在对流层中、高层有极小值，它的大小及变化率与当时的大气状况及纬度有关。将本文的结果与前人的结论及实况相比较，发现本文较为真实地反映了中国东部地区夏季对流层的辐射加热情况，利用卫星资料计算的结果基本可信，     

我所知道的陈学溶老前辈

0引言陈学溶老前辈的大名,我最早是在《朱文荣先生九秩嵩庆纪念文集》(1992年出版,发起者戚启勋教授)中看到的,他为这本纪念文集写了回忆文章《敬贺我国高空测候开拓者朱师九秩大庆》。戚启勋教授和陈学溶前辈是中央研究院气象研究所第三届气象练习班同学,朱文荣老前辈是他们当年的老师。没想到两岸气象双向交流后,我有幸在南京、北     

近50a北京人居环境中气候因子的变化特征

应用1951—2003年逐日气象观测资料,分析影响北京城市人居环境主要气候因子的变化特征。结果表明：近50 a北京增暖趋势明显,气候变暖与极端热（冷）不舒适日数之间具有较好的相关性,其所导致的总体趋势是使热（冷）不舒适日数上升（下降）,同时增加了出现极端热（冷）不舒适日的随机性。分析还表明,北京年加热度日指数存在明显下降趋势,年制冷度日指数变化正好相反,这意味着未来北京冬季供暖耗费能源将会减少,而夏季降温耗费能源将会增加。