Impact of 4DVAR assimilation of rainfall data on the simulation of mesoscale precipitation systems in a mei-yu heavy rainfall event

The multi-scale weather systems associated with a mei-yu front and the corresponding heavy precipitation during a particular heavy rainfall event that occurred on 4 5 July 2003 in east China were successfully simulated through rainfall assimilation using the PSU/NCAR non-hydrostatic, mesoscale, numerical model （MM5） and its four-dimensional, variational, data assimilation （4DVAR） system. For this case, the improvement of the process via the 4DVAR rainfall assimilation into the simulation of mesoscale precipitation systems is investigated. With the rainfall assimilation, the convection is triggered at the right location and time, and the evolution and spatial distribution of the mesoscale convective systems （MCSs） are also more correctly simulated. Through the interactions between MCSs and the weather systems at different scales, including the low-level jet and mei-yu front, the simulation of the entire mei-yu weather system is significantly improved, both during the data assimilation window and the subsequent 12-h period. The results suggest that the rainfall assimilation first provides positive impact at the convective scale and the influences are then propagated upscale to the meso- and sub-synoptic scales.
Through a set of sensitive experiments designed to evaluate the impact of different initial variables on the simulation of mei-yu heavy rainfall, it was found that the moisture field and meridional wind had the strongest effect during the convection initialization stage, however, after the convection was fully triggered, all of the variables at the initial condition seemed to have comparable importance.     

海洋浮游藻色素分析和化学分类研究进展

综述了海洋浮游藻色素分析和化学分类研究的最新进展。指出目前以色谱柱串联技术为基础的高分辨高效液相色谱质谱联用已经成为色素分析方法的主要发展趋势。利用此方法对藻类特征色素进行再分析有助于获得对藻类色素分布的新认识。CHEMTAX是在宏观上对浮游藻进行化学分类的良好工具,采用多次运算的方式可以减少其对初始色素比值的依赖,使结果向"真实值"收敛,提高结果的准确性。指出研究以特征色素比值组合为基础的浮游藻精细化学分类方法,以及将以色素分析为基础的浮游藻化学分类应用于了解浮游藻功能类群在生源要素和生物矿物质等的生物地球化学循环过程中的作用是未来的发展趋势。     

ZDR柱识别方法在海南地区的应用

基于双偏振天气雷达的相关研究大部分集中在雷达如何识别粒子相态、精细化探测云系垂直结构方面,专门针对差分反射率因子ZDR柱的识别研究相对较少。通过对海南地区对流云系特征进行分析研究,提出一套基于双偏振雷达探测数据（2020—2021年）的ZDR柱识别方法,结合多源资料对发生在海南地区的2次对流天气过程展开分析,〖JP2〗验证ZDR柱识别效果。结果表明：①ZDR柱通常在对流云系前中期较为深厚,最大可达0 ℃层以上3～5 km,〖JP〗在空间分布上ZDR柱与雷达径向速度的辐合有密切关系,其正负径向速度对的差值与ZDR柱的强弱变化规律呈正相关,并且深厚的ZDR柱较大概率出现在对流云系运动方向的前缘位置,与对流云团雷达反射率因子较大区域（≥50 dBz）有明显的对应关系;②ZDR柱最大深度的变化趋势同雷达回波顶高和垂直累计液态水含量有弱相关性,雷达回波顶高和垂直累计液态水含量的变化通常滞后于ZDR柱深度的变化（约12～15 min）。该方法具备识别海南岛地区ZDR柱现象的能力,可以在分析强对流天气过程、人工影响天气指挥和短临灾害天气预警等方面发挥应用效益。     

浅谈台风雨性质的辨别

利用地面观测资料,以及观测经验,对台风产生的降水过程进行分析,从中鉴别出该降水是阵性还是非阵性。     

塔里木盆地东北缘一次强对流天气过程中的阵风锋特征研究

利用地面自动站逐小时观测、多普勒天气雷达及WRF模式高分辨率数值模拟,分析2016年7月塔里木盆地东北缘一次强对流天气过程中的阵风锋特征。结果表明,阵风锋前沿较强的辐合抬升运动不断触发多个对流单体,其中大部分单体与其后方的对流系统合并且进一步发展,使得强对流天气不断发展和维持。在对流系统快速发展阶段,阵风锋前沿水平风的垂直切变造成湿位涡的斜压分量显著增强,从而增强局地的条件对称不稳定,为对流系统的发展和维持提供了重要的不稳定能量。不稳定能量释放需要的锋生强迫作用主要是由阵风锋前方的辐合辐散项和倾斜项决定,而阵风锋前沿附近的水平形变项及其上方的非绝热加热项提供相对较弱的贡献。     

基于“葵花8号”气象卫星的陇东南地区强对流识别跟踪技术研究

利用常规观测资料、区域自动站资料和“葵花8号”气象卫星资料,对2016年4—9月甘肃省陇东南地区出现的43次强对流天气过程进行分析,确立了强对流云团识别指标、追踪方法及预报指标,并对2018年部分个例进行效果检验。结果表明：（1）利用卫星B13通道（10.4μm）亮温值TBB≤238 K或B08通道（6.2μm）与B13通道亮温差△TBB<0 K双阈值作为强对流云团识别指标,可以准确识别出陇东南地区的强对流天气云团;（2）利用“逆向搜索法”、“面积重叠法”及对云团重心的计算,可以对强对流云团进行准确定位、追踪及移动路径外推预报;（3）建立的强对流天气落区判别指标对该地区短时强降水及冰雹落区具有一定的预报能力。     

Analytical investigations of seismic responses for reinforced concrete bridge columns subjected to strong near-fault ground motion

Strong near-fault ground motion, usually caused by the fault-rupture and characterized by a pulse-like velocity- wave form, often causes dramatic instantaneous seismic energy (Jadhav and Jangid 2006). Some reinforced concrete (RC) bridge columns, even those built according to ductile design principles, were damaged in the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake. Thus, it is very important to evaluate the seismic response of a RC bridge column to improve its seismic design and prevent future damage. Nonlinear time history analysis using step-by-step integration is capable of tracing the dynamic response of a structure during the entire vibration period and is able to accommodate the pulsing wave form. However, the accuracy of the numerical results is very sensitive to the modeling of the nonlinear load-deformation relationship of the structural member. FEMA 273 and ATC-40 provide the modeling parameters for structural nonlinear analyses of RC beams and RC columns. They use three parameters to define the plastic rotation angles and a residual strength ratio to describe the nonlinear load- deformation relationship of an RC member. Structural nonlinear analyses are performed based on these parameters. This method provides a convenient way to obtain the nonlinear seismic responses of RC structures. However, the accuracy of the numerical solutions might be further improved. For this purpose, results from a previous study on modeling of the static pushover analyses for RC bridge columns (Sung et al. 2005) is adopted for the nonlinear time history analysis presented herein to evaluate the structural responses excited by a near-fault ground motion. To ensure the reliability of this approach, the numerical results were compared to experimental results. The results confirm that the proposed approach is valid.     

Some remarks on cumulus parameterization

A simple parameterization of cumulonimbus convective heating is presented. The model is primarily based on preserving a moisture budget and on detraining cloud air at levels corresponding to the neutral buoyancy of the air converged at low levels. Results are compared with data from the western Pacific and GATE. Agreement is good. Suggestions are offered for improving the model and extending it to other regions.     

大尺度形势对中尺度对流风暴影响的研究

通过对多次强对流过程的分析,归纳出大尺度天气形势对中尺度对流风暴发生发展影响的4个方面,提出了天气形势分型的基本原则,并介绍了北京、华东和闽南地区不同天气形势下强对流活动的特点。     

A CASE OF MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE COMPLEX EVOLVING INTO A VORTEX

A case of mesoscale convective complex(MCC)which evolved into a vortex is documented in this paper.As theMCC entered into the dissipating phase,a well-defined spirally banded structure became visible in the satellite image.The blackbody temperature(TBB)of the residual cold-cloud-shield indicates the vortex existed in the layer from 400 to250 hPa.According to the upper air analysis,the upper level vortex was an anticyclone.The MCC-generated vortex wasvisualized in the satellite images because it was located in the subtropical high where the wind field was very weak.