油基钻屑现场热解析处理技术现状及展望

深部石油勘探和页岩气、致密气等非常规油气开发过程中会产生大量的油基钻屑,热解析技术被认为是最有效的油基钻屑环保处理技术,也是实现油基钻屑废弃物资源化利用的有效途径。本文重点介绍油基钻屑现场热解析处理典型的先进技术、装置与应用情况;针对油基钻屑成分和组分性质复杂多变、热解化学反应过程复杂,热解析设备能耗高、热解温度不确定、进料物性不稳定、不均匀性等问题,建议开展油基钻屑复杂体系在移动床中动态连续热解的动力学及机理分析,建立动力学模型,明确不同组分油基钻屑的最优热解析工艺参数;建立技术经济效益、环境效益及可持续发展等评价体系和准则,为不同体系油基钻屑的高效低耗安全环保热解析现场随钻处理提供科学可靠依据和理论支撑。     

Research on Airspace Resource Allocation Supported by Spatiotemporal Continuous Data: Review and Prospect

Given that the fixed air traffic operation system and functions are difficult to adapt to the great changes of air route structure and airspace demand, the airspace resource allocation is undergoing an evolution from static to flexible and dynamic so as to effectively solve the contradiction between airspace capacity and actual demand. In this process, the dependence on spatiotemporal continuous data is gradually strengthened. This article reviewed the relevant national and international research, and found that from the multi-dimensional expression of basic elements to the feature analysis of specific airspace units, airspace resource allocation deepens and expands in a real-time direction and presents a new mechanism. A series of high density air traffic flow identification methods are developed by introducing time parameters and combined with the flight path model to form a distinct dynamic characteristic. Related applications and practice reflect the structural revolution of airspace resource allocation and promote the solution of practical problems such as airspace congestion and resource allocation. The research and practice of dynamic airspace resource allocation outside China have positive reference significance to our country. However, when simultaneously coping with the hoisting of airside capability and the change of multi-dimensional parameters, we still face the challenges of period-segment matching, micro-macro combination, terminal airspace-air route docking and airspace-land area integration. In the future, geography should further integrate the unique advantages of spatiotemporal interaction and construct a brand-new overall mobile chain of various airspace-land scales to carry out research work deeply.     

起伏地形三维激电连续介质模型快速反演

为提高起伏地形三维激电数据的反演解释精度和处理效率,笔者开展了连续介质模型快速反演方法研究。针对起伏地形连续电性介质模型,提出了四面体单元电性参数分块线性连续变化的参数化方法。在反演中对模型参数施加光滑和背景约束信息,以提高反演的稳定性和分辨率。通过采用降低反问题的维数、压缩存储线性反演方程各矩阵的元素以及将互换原理和拟牛顿法相结合的方式计算偏导数矩阵等手段,可有效地加快反演的计算速度。最后,为验证反演方法的有效性,对2例地电模型进行反演试算,计算结果表明：反演耗费时间较少,仅迭代6次拟合差便趋于稳定,反演结果能较好地刻画异常体形态,编制的反演解释软件可用于实际生产。     

蚁群算法与遗传算法融合及其在边坡临界滑动面搜索中的应用

临界滑动面搜索是边坡稳定性分析中一项非常重要的内容。相对于圆弧滑动面的确定,只需要圆心和半径3个未知量,非圆弧滑面的确定则需要找出若干个控制点,是一个多维空间的优化问题。非圆弧滑动面优化搜索问题相当复杂,常规优化算法往往达不到要求。改进了蚁群算法,使其具备在连续空间的搜索能力,并与遗传算法融合,形成优势互补,克服了遗传算法的无反馈能力导致无用的冗余迭代、求解效率低以及蚁群算法初期信息素匮乏导致算法速度慢的不足。通过与商用软件GEO-SLOPE的算例求解结果对比,来说明本算法的有效性。     

Evaluation of Procedures for Prediction of Unconventional Gas in the Presence of Geologic Trends

This study extends the application of local spatial nonparametric prediction models to the estimation of recoverable gas volumes in continuous-type gas plays to regimes where there is a single geologic trend. A transformation is presented, originally proposed by Tomczak, that offsets the distortions caused by the trend. This article reports on numerical experiments that compare predictive and classification performance of the local nonparametric prediction models based on the transformation with models based on Euclidean distance. The transformation offers improvement in average root mean square error when the trend is not severely misspecified. Because of the local nature of the models, even those based on Euclidean distance in the presence of trends are reasonably robust. The tests based on other model performance metrics such as prediction error associated with the high-grade tracts and the ability of the models to identify sites with the largest gas volumes also demonstrate the robustness of both local modeling approaches.

LN—GDXT—IV型交直流隔离供电电源的研制

LN—GDXT—IV型交直流隔离供电电源采用交直流隔离供电技术可以有效的避免由于电源引入的雷击事故。本文介绍了该仪器的设计思路,工作原理和性能指标。     

侧向连续开孔地铁车站结构的三维地震响应研究

为了合理开发、利用地下空间资源,目前国内出现了一种新型的地铁车站结构形式:侧向连续开孔的地铁车站结构.因为车站边墙的开孔会削弱结构的整体抗震性能,所以有必要研究该结构形式的抗震能力.对侧向连续开孔的地铁车站结构建立了三维计算模型,通过研究其三维地震响应规律,确定了结构的薄弱部位,得到了地震荷载引起的结构内力的增幅.该研究成果可为今后此类地铁车站结构的抗震设计提供参考.     

大跨度连续刚构桥健康监测加速度传感器优化布置研究

本文以一座145m＋2×260m＋145m的大跨度连续刚构桥为背景,首先介绍了传感器优化配置算法、评估准则和安放位置的选择方法;其次,建立了该连续刚构桥的三维有限元模型,进行了环境振动试验,得到了桥梁的基本动力特性;再次,基于MAC矩阵和Fisher信息阵标准为理论基础的传感器优化布点算法,对桥梁健康监测加速度传感器布点方案进行了研究;最后结合该桥的实际情况,提出了加速度传感器优化布置方案。实时健康监测表明：基于本文的传感器布置方法实时监测能够获得该桥梁前10阶振型,可满足桥梁长期监测的需要。     

高墩大跨曲线连续刚构地震响应分析

以厦门海沧大桥西航道桥(五跨预应力曲线连续刚构,曲率半径900m)为工程背景,对该桥分别进行了不同曲率半径、不同地震波激励方向的分析.通过该桥地震响应分析,给出了一些地震响应规律以及分析建议,期望能为新规范的制订工作以及高墩大跨曲线连续刚构桥的抗震设计提供参考.