Observed dryness and wetness variability in Shanghai during 1873–2005

Dryness and wetness variations on different time scales in Shanghai were analyzed using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) based on monthly precipitation data for 1873–2005. The SPI on scales of 3, 6, 12 and 24 months has been calculated. The SPI on 3, 6, 12 and 24 months present 4 wet periods prevailed during 1873–1885, 1904–1923, 1938–1960 and 1983–2005, and 3 dry episodes during 1886–1903, 1924–1937 and 1961–1982. Significant periods of higher wavelet power in the SPI-24 months occurred on the time scales of 2–7-year band in around 1880–1890, 1910–1950 and 1970–1990, and at 8–15-year band in 1920–1960 and 1965–2000 respectively. Periodicities in the SOI and ENSO indices are similar to those in SPI-24 months with little difference, namely, in the SPI-24 months, there are significant periods at the 2–7- and 8–15-year bands during 1930–1940. The periodicity components in individual SPI-24 months, SOI and ENSO indices are more complicated, showing the wetness and dryness variability in Shanghai is controlled by more than one physical factors. The research results indicate that the Shanghai area has experienced dryness and wetness variability on different time scales during the past 133 years. Foundation: Frontier Project of Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, CAS, No.CXNIGLAS200814; National Forestry Science and Technique Foundation during the 11th Five-Year Plan Period, No.2006BAD03A1601; Project of Huaihe River Basin, No.HRM200708; National Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration, No.CCSF2007-35 Author: Zhang Zengxin (1977–), Ph.D, specialized in climatic changes.     

1873-2005年上海干湿变化

Dryness and wetness variations on different time scales in Shanghai were analyzed using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) based on monthly precipitation data for 1873-2005. The SPI on scales of 3, 6, 12 and 24 months has been calculated. The SPI on 3, 6, 12 and 24 months present 4 wet periods prevailed during 1873-1885, 1904-1923, 1938-1960 and 1983-2005, and 3 dry episodes during 1888-1903, 1924-1937 and 1961-1982. Significant periods of higher wavelet power in the SPI-24 months occurred on the time scales of 2-7-year band in around 1880-1890, 1910-1950 and 1970-1990, and at 8-15-year band in 1920-1960 and 1965-2000 respectively. Periodicities in the SOI and ENSO indices are similar to those in SPI-24 months with little difference, namely, in the SPI-24 months, there are significant periods at the 2-7- and 8-15-year bands during 1930-1940. The periodicity components in individual SPI-24 months, SOI and ENSO indices are more complicated, showing the wetness and dryness variability in Shanghai is controlled by more than one physical factors. The research results indicate that the Shanghai area has experienced dryness and wetness variability on different time scales during the past 133 years.     

Dynamic finite element model updating of prestressed concrete continuous box-girder bridge

The dynamic finite element model(FEM) of a prestressed concrete continuous box-girder bridge,called the Tongyang Canal Bridge,is built and updated based on the results of ambient vibration testing(AVT)using a real-coded accelerating genetic algorithm(RAGA).The objective functions are defined based on natural frequency and modal assurance criterion(MAC) metrics to evaluate the updated FEM.Two objective functions are defined to fully account for the relative errors and standard deviations of the natural fr...     

行波效应对铁路大跨连续刚构桥地震反应的影响

介绍了模拟地震地面运动的大质量法,推导了大跨度桥梁考虑行波效应的分析模型及解析方法。以大准黄河特大桥为工程背景,选取墩身刚度、地震波视波波速及不同的地震记录为主要参数,进行了考虑行波效应下铁路大跨连续刚构桥的时程反应分析,并与一致激励下的结果进行了对比。系统总结了此类桥梁在行波效应激励下的地震反应特点。本文分析方法和结果对同类桥梁的设计与研究具有一定的参考价值。     

混凝土箱梁桥零号块水化热过程分析研究

结合黄沙港大桥工程实际,以箱室内外温度测试数据作为边界条件,根据混凝土水化过程的热传导方程,应用有限元分析程序ANSYS,对浇筑期间预应力混凝土连续箱梁零号块结构的温度场进行了仿真分析,并将仿真计算结果与混凝土连续箱梁的实测结果进行了比较。然后,应用ANSYS软件,采用增量法,动态模拟浇筑过程中水化热温度场变化引起的结构应力变化,得到了施工过程中应力场的时间和空间分布规律。分析表明,由于顶板和底板厚度较薄、内外温差较大,温度引起的残余应力也相对较大,而腹板最终的残余应力较小。因此,应该通过覆盖保温材料,控制厚度较薄的底板和顶板的内外温差,以改善内部混凝土后期受力状况,同时要注意控制预应力张拉时间和张拉力的大小。     

多维连续参数的随机试验蚁群算法优化反演分析

针对一般蚁群算法难以求解优化反演中的多维连续参数优化问题,借鉴进化思想,提出随机试验蚁群算法求解多维连续参数全局优化问题的方法。该方法主要运用随机试验求出每个参数的任一水平对目标函数的影响度,以此影响度为蚂蚁选择下一个参数水平的能见度,从而确定参数水平被选中的概率。同时考虑到当参数被划分的水平很多时目标函数收敛较慢的缺点,提出用方差分析法来确定参数的水平对目标函数的影响是否显著,将对目标函数影响不显著的参数水平其信息素设置为很小的值,从而加速目标函数的收敛。通过对一个岩土工程优化实例,表明了该算法的有效性。     

基于多元回归分析的连续压实监控技术

现实中的碾压参数难以得到严格控制以满足连续压实控制技术的应用要求,限制了该技术的适用范围和应用效果。为使碾压参数动态变化与工程实际相适应,对碾压参数进行了多元回归分析,并采用克里金插值法对连续压实控制指标的目标值/实测值进行全仓面化估计,提出了以压实合格率作为质量评价指标的连续压实监测模型。开展了现场碾压试验,建立了压实指标与碾压参数的多元回归关系,结合克里金插值法对常规质量检测指标进行了反向预测分析,验证了模型的有效性。工程实例分析表明,针对我国南方地区广泛分布的花岗岩残积土填料,遵循基于碾压参数多元回归的连续压实控制方法,深圳机场T4扩建工程2-1区的常规质量检测均满足设计要求。基于碾压参数多元回归分析的连续压实质量监测能够有效控制工程碾压质量,从而为连续压实控制技术的实际应用提供有益参考。     

多种测温方法在青海共和干热岩GR1井中的应用

干热岩钻孔温度是干热岩型地热资源评价的重要指标,目前大多数地勘工作的温度测量仪工作温度大都在180 ℃以下,然而随着干热岩钻孔深度和温度的增加,受钻孔内高温、高压的影响,出现超出仪器测温范围或测温数值不准确的情况。为此,本文利用青海共和干热岩GR1井采用BZM电子多点测温仪、MTCHT-H型测温仪以及多组温度计的方式进行了多种方法的单点测温,同时结合SKD-3000B井车测温、GRY-1型钻孔轨迹测量仪等多点连续测温方式进行对比分析。结果表明,单点测温结果更接近真实地层温度,但单点测温效率低,精度差;GRY-1型钻孔轨迹测温仪因隔热装置隔绝,温度传导效率较慢,测温结果偏低。需要进一步开发准确、有效、经济的高温井下温度测量仪器或方法。     

浮筒辅助大型导管架结构整体拆除上浮过程动力响应特征研究

浮筒辅助大型导管架结构整体拆除作业是一个连续过程,作业过程中拆除系统的动力荷载及动力参数均会发生显著变化,传统基于某一稳定状态的结构动力响应分析方法不能准确预测拆除系统上浮过程中的动力响应。通过建立浮筒辅助大型导管架结构整体拆除上浮过程动态分析模型,对拆除系统上浮过程的动力响应特性进行研究。结果表明,整体拆除动态分析模型可以准确描述拆除系统上浮过程中浮筒及导管架浮力变化对上浮高度的影响机制,拆除系统上浮高度约为不考虑浮筒和导管架浮力变化时的90%。此外,浮筒辅助大型导管架整体拆除方法的动态稳定性较强,四级海况下拆除系统的最大偏移量仅为4.2 m,有较好的工程应用前景。     

行波效应对桥梁不同振动控制方法减震效果的影响分析

给出了地震行波输入下大跨度桥梁的主动、半主动和被动控制分析方法,并对1座4跨连续刚构桥梁进行了行波输入下地震反应计算,分析了8种振动控制情况下纵桥向和横桥向地震反应的减震效果。结果表明,行波效应会明显降低该连续刚构桥梁8种振动控制方法的纵桥向地震反应减震效果,最大开关控制算法对纵桥向的减震效果相对最好;最大阻尼力被动控制和最大开关控制算法对横桥向的减震效果相对最好,采用该2种控制方法时行波效应对横桥向总体减震效果影响不大。