气候变化背景下秦岭-淮河地区亚热带北界变化

基于1970—2019年秦岭-淮河地区气象站点观测数据,以日均温稳定≥10℃持续日为主要指标,以1月平均气温为辅助指标,借助薄盘样条插值（TPS）及基于数字高程模型（DEM）的普通克里金插值法,探讨秦岭-淮河地区亚热带北界对全球气候变暖及变暖“停滞”现象的响应及变化。结果表明,1970—2019年秦岭-淮河地区日均温稳定≥10℃持续日及1月平均气温均呈不同程度的上升趋势,但二者高低值的分布年份并不相同;50年来亚热带北界在秦岭段出现了明显的向高海拔地区移动的趋势,其中,秦岭南坡共计抬升153.3 m,北坡抬升148.8 m。在变暖“停滞”期间,秦岭南、北坡亚热带北界所处海拔的变化具有较高的同步性,但在1980s至1990s期间差异性较大。1970—2019年亚热带北界在淮河段北移1.3个纬度以上,在115°E附近甚至达到3个纬度,与中国过去2000年亚热带北界曾到达的最北位置相仿;从年代际上来看,亚热带北界在1990s期间北移最明显,黄河流域下游部分区域已由暖温带逐渐转化为亚热带。     

基于云计算的GIS软件持续集成应用研究

随着软件企业研发产品规模的扩大和功能的成熟,软件研发和维护所需的计算资源逐渐增多,软件产品测试也占用大量计算资源。但是,物理节点的计算能力受到CPU大小的限制,且产品测试并非时刻发生。因此,为充分利用计算资源,本文引入云计算技术,搭建了软件持续集成与自动化测试系统。目前,该系统已成功应用于国内GIS企业的产品研发与维护应用实践,不仅可以保障软件质量,还可避免计算资源的闲置,降低能耗,有利于减少企业成本,并有效降低环境污染风险。     

Estimation of depth and magnetization of magnetic sources from magnetic data: The linearized continuous inverse problem for 21/2D structures

The estimation of the depth to the top and bottom of a magnetic source from magnetic data defines a nonlinear inverse problem, while the evaluation of the distribution of magnetization determines a linear inverse problem. In this paper, these interpretation problems are resolved in the continuous case of 2_1/2D magnetized bodies with lateral magnetization variations. A formulation of the magnetic problem accounting for different directions of remanent and total magnetization vectors and including a more general definition of apparent susceptibility is presented. Differences between 2D and 2_1/2D formulations are stressed, as regards the anomaly amplitude, shape and zero-level.In order to utilize well-known continuous linear inverse methods, Fréchet derivatives of the data functionals with respect to the depth of the source top and bottom, are analytically described. Thus, using the spectral expansion inverse method (Parker, 1977) and linearizing the problem at several steps of an iterative process, the source depth is obtained within a few iterations, although the starting model is distant from the final solution. The interpretation of an anomaly in the Italian region shows the usefulness of the method.     

Vertical Crustal Motion along the Mediterranean and Black Sea Coast Derived from Ocean Altimetry and Tide Gauge Data

Tide gauge (TG) data along the northern Mediterranean and Black Sea coasts are compared to the sea-surface height (SSH) anomaly obtained from ocean altimetry (TOPEX/Poseidon and ERS-1/2) for a period of nine years (1993–2001). The TG measures the SSH relative to the ground whereas the altimetry does so with respect to the geocentric reference frame; therefore their difference would be in principle a vertical ground motion of the TG sites, though there are different error sources for this estimate as is discussed in the paper. In this study we estimate such vertical ground motion, for each TG site, from the slope of the SSH time series of the (non-seasonal) difference between the TG record and the altimetry measurement at a point closest to the TG. Where possible, these estimates are further compared with those derived from nearby continuous Global Positioning System (GPS) data series. These results on vertical ground motion along the Mediterranean and Black Sea coasts provide useful source data for studying, contrasting, and constraining tectonic models of the region. For example, in the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea and in the western coast of Greece, a general subsidence is observed which may be related to the Adriatic lithosphere subducting beneath the Eurasian plate along the Dinarides fault.     

二维连续复小波变换识别重力场源

利用旋转反投影法由位场一维连续母小波构造出二维连续母小波,同时也给出了位场中适应性非常强的矢量分析母小波和张量分析母小波。在理论模型上(直方棱柱体和球体)进行了二维连续小波变换,估计了场源的尺度指数,通过尺度指数与欧拉结构指数关系式得到场源的欧拉结构指数,由此可以识别出重力场源的类型,成功地实现了重力场源的快速反演。此法实用于重磁资料快速自动化处理、反演与解释。     

基于滚动球变换的TIN_DDM地形形态划分及连续尺度表达

针对TIN_DDM地形形态划分及连续尺度表达中存在的应用场景与数据类型特殊、地形形态划分边界不明确和地形尺度认知存在差异等问题,提出了一种基于滚动球变换的TIN_DDM地形形态划分及连续尺度表达算法。该算法在分析滚动球变换构建原理的基础上,通过挖掘滚动球变换在地形形态识别方面的应用潜能,设计了TIN_DDM采样点地形类型判定准则;针对判定准则在地形形态连续尺度表达过程中无法应用的问题,通过对滚动球接触点与滚动球半径之间的数值关联性进行分析,求解出各采样点与滚动球接触状态变换时的临界滚动球半径,构建了面向TIN_DDM地形形态连续尺度表达的滚动球变换。试验结果表明:该算法可快速实现以滚动球半径作为尺度因子的TIN_DDM地形形态自动化分及连续尺度表达。     

Assessment of drought trend and variability in India using wavelet transform

ABSTRACT

This paper presents an analysis of trends in six drought variables at 566 stations across India over the period 1901–2002. Six drought variables were computed using standardized precipitation index (SPI). The Mann-Kendall (MK) trend test and Sen’s slope estimator were used for trend analysis of drought variables. Discrete wavelet transform (DWT) was used to identify the dominant periodic components in trends, whereas the significance of periodic components was examined using continuous wavelet transform (CWT) based global wavelet spectrum (GWS). Our results show an increasing trend in droughts in eastern, northeastern and extreme southern regions, and a decreasing trend in the northern and southern regions of the country. The periodic component influencing the trend was 2–4 years in south, 4–8 years in west, east and northeast, 8–64 years in central parts and 32–128 years in the north; however, most of the periodic components were not statistically significant.