BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Introduction to Climatology for the Tropics . J. O. Ayoade. Conservation and Management of Natural Resources in the United States . Charles F. Bennett. The Keeping of Animals: Adaptation and Social Relations in Livestock Producing Communities . Riva Berleant-Schiller and Eugenia Shanklin, ed. The Evolution of Geographic Thought in America: A Kentucky Root Wilford A. Bladen and Pradyumna P. Karan, eds. Latin America: Geographical Perspectives , 2nd ed. Harold Blakemore and Clifford T. Smith, ed. The Rural Real Estate Market. Department of Geography Publication Series, No. 18 . Chris Bryant. Urban Geomorphology in Drylands . R. U. Cooke, D. Brunsden, J. C. Doornkamp, and D. K. C. Jones with contributions by J. Griffiths, P. Knott, R. Potter, and R. Russell. Italian Geography, 1960–1980. Meeting of the Status of the Geographic Research in Italy, 1960–1980. Treated under the auspices of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche and organized by Istituto di Geografia Umana della Facoltà di Lettere e Filosofia dell'Università degli Studi di Milano , Giacomo Corna Pellecrini and Carlo Brusa, eds. The Changing Fenland . H. C. Darby. The Future for the City Centre . R. L. Davies and A. G. Champion, eds. Saudi Arabia, Energy, Developmental Planning, and Industrialization . Ragaei El Mallakh, Dorothea H. El Mallakh, eds. For We Are Sold, I and My People: Women and Industry in Mexico's Frontier . Maria Patricia Fernández-Kelly. The Great Lakes Forest: An Environmental and Social History . Susan L. Flader, ed. Regional Transformation and Industrial Revolution: A Geography of the Yorkshire Woolen Industry . Derek Gregory Crime in City Politics . Anne Heinz, Herbert Jacob and Robert L. Lineberry, eds. Revitalizing Cities . H. Briavel Holcomb and Robert A. Beauregard. Cartographic Relief Presentation . Eduard Imhof. H. J. Steward, Trans. Soviet Union: A Geographical Survey . S. V. Kalesnik and V. F. Pavlenko, ed. Cognition and Environment . Stephen Kaplan and Rachel Kaplan. Environmental Protection: The International Dimension . David A. Kay and Harold K. Jacobsen, eds. Mathematical Programming Methods for Geographers and Planners , James Killen. Gentrification Amid Urban Decline: Strategies for America's Older Cities . Michael H. Lang. The North Atlantic Sulphur System . Risto Laulajainen. The Jerusalem Cathedra: Studies in the History, Archaeology, Geography and Ethnography of the Land of Israel, Vol. 2 . Lee I. Levine ed. Jerusalem and Detroit: Recreation Planning and Management . Stanely R. Lieber and Daniel R. Fesenmaier, eds. Heartland and Hinterland: A Geography of Canada . L. D. McCann, ed. Scarborough Where We Live: The Residential Districts of Minneapolis and St. Paul . Judith A. Martin and David A. Lanegran. California: The Geography of Diversity . Crane S. Miller and Richard S. Hyslop. Palo Alto The Dilemma of Amazonian Development . Emilio F. Moran, ed. Boulder Nuclear Waste: Socioeconomic Dimensions of Long-Term Storage . Steve H. Murdock, F. Larry Leistritz, and Rita R. Hamm, eds. Boulder Communism and the Politics of Inequalities . Daniel N. Nelson, ed. The Los Angeles Metropolis . Howard J. Nelson. Dubuque An Historical Geography of Urban System Development: Tidewater Virginia in the 18th Century . James O'Mara. Procedures and Standards for a Multipurpose Cadastre . East Asia: Geographical and Historical Approaches to Foreign Area Studies . Clifton W. Pannell, ed. Dubuque Mackinder: Geography as an Aid to Statecraft . W. H. Parker. Beyond the Urban Fringe: Land Use Issues of Nonmetropolitan America . Rutherford H. Platt and George Macinko, eds. Recreation Geography of the USSR . V. S. Preobrazhensky and V. M. Krivosheyev, eds. Missouri: A Geography . Milton D. Rafferty The Invisible Farmers: Women in Agricultural Production . Carolyn E. Sachs. Cayman Islands Seashore Vegetation: A Study in Comparative Biogeography . Jonathan D. Sauer. Hillslope Materials and Processes . Michael J. Selby. Housing in Britain: The Post-War Experience . John R. Short The Study of Population: Elements, Patterns and Processes . George A. Schnell and Mark Stephen Monmonier. Columbus The Soviet Union: A Systematic Geography . Leslie Symons, ed. The Ottoman Slave Trade and Its Suppression . Ehud R. Toledano. The Impact of Recession on Industry, Employment and the Regions, 1976–1981 . Alan R. Townsend. Landslides and Their Control , 2nd ed. Quido Záruba and Vojtech Mencl. Translated from the Czech by H. Zárubová and V. Mencl.     

关于正确建立渗流数学模型的若干问题

在某些文献中,有原则性问题的渗流数学模型不乏其见。本文什对问题发生的原因,论述了关于正确建立渗流数学模型的若干要点,给出了体现要点的若干实例分析。     

重庆2014年9月12-19日连阴雨过程分析

利用NCEP1°×1°的再分析资料及重庆地区逐日、逐时降水资料、TBB资料以及雷达回波资料对2014年9月12-19日连阴雨天气及期间两次暴雨过程进行对比分析。结果表明：此次连阴雨期间欧亚大陆中纬度为“一槽”型,暖湿气流沿台风“海鸥”外围以及副高边缘不断将南海及西太平洋的水汽输送至川渝地区,为连阴雨提供良好的水汽输送条件;比湿的演变对连阴雨期间降水的增强及间歇有明显的指示意义,负的整层水汽通量散度大值区与两次暴雨落区一致。连阴雨前期大气为对流不稳定层结,能量条件好,阻塞高压明显,中高纬度的环流经向度较大,有利于冷空气的快速南下,前期的“9.13”大暴雨的对流性特征更明显;后期“9.17”暴雨则表现为稳定性降水,TBB资料在连阴雨期间的强度演变对两次暴雨过程产生的时段和落区的指示意义较好。在整个连阴雨期间近地层多弱冷空气的影响,中层有偏南风,连阴雨天气得以持续,但是两次暴雨过程开始时,冷平流均有明显的增大,表明冷空气有所加强,冷空气的加强触发了暴雨的产生,同时伴有中层偏南暖湿气流的增强。从两次暴雨过程时多普勒雷达垂直风廓线图也能反映出低层冷空气入侵,中层偏南暖湿气流的增强。     

2018年云南地区GNSS面应变变化及地震关系分析

基于2018-01以来云南地区GNSS连续观测资料,利用高精度数据处理软件GAMIT/GLOBK处理后获取位移场并采用克里金插值方法进行网格化插值,获得均匀分布的位移场,再进行应变计算获取面应变信息,动态分析2018年云南地区面应变变化特征,探讨其与通海2次5.0级地震及墨江5.9级地震的内在联系。结果表明,2018-01~11云南地区面应变经历了拉张为主、区域应变快速积累、区域强挤压和强拉张并存(双柏-新平-墨江条带)、区域应变快速调整、震后应变格局改变(双柏-新平-墨江条带消失)的动态过程。通海2次5.0级地震和墨江5.9级地震分别发生在区域应变调整过程中以易门-塔甸为代表的强张拉和以景东-思茅为代表的强挤压高梯度带上,可能是在应变显著积累和应变调整双重因素作用下的产物,不同的是,墨江5.9级地震改变了以双柏-新平-墨江条带为界的强挤压和强拉张并存的区域特征,对云南整体区域面应变格局造成实质性的影响。     

地面γ能谱测量中连续测量的理论基础和实验结果

在物化探方法中,地面γ能谱测量过去主要用于大比例尺异常检查,采用的是定点测量方式。理论分析表明,如果将其应用于1:5万地质填图,这种测量方式取样代表性差,工效较低,不能满足地质工作的要求。为了解决这一问题,充分发挥地面γ能谱测量的作用,本文提出了步行连续测量方式。 步行连续测量就是将探测器提在手上或背在身上,沿测线以一定速度边走边测的工作方式。     

EH-4连续电导率仪与V8多功能电法仪试验效果分析

在龙首山成矿带小白芨芨沟-小青羊地段采用EH-4连续电导率仪与V8多功能电法仪进行不同点距AMT试验结果表明,两套仪器对马路沟及其次级断裂的探测结果均反映明显,其电性特征表现为反演电阻率等值线密集带、舌状低阻带。从不同点距试验结果来看,10、20 m点距探测精度高,反映效果明显好于50m点距;从不同仪器试验结果来看,EH-4连续电导率仪与V8多功能电法仪的测量结果均能客观地反映地下地质体的电阻率分布规律,与地质剖面具有较好的对应关系,均可投入该地区的生产应用。但EH-4连续电导率仪轻便、单点生产效率高,测量结果对断裂构造的分辨能力更好,特别是中浅层的分辨效果。     

面向持续交付的空间大数据基础设施设计与实现

随着空间大数据技术的快速发展,越来越多与空间大数据云平台相关的项目逐步规划和建立.GIS建设项目已经朝着平台化、虚拟化和智能化的方向转变.新一代GIS平台建设的重要原则之一,就是要把空间大数据作为企业的重要资产.它需要系统地管理、持续地维护、安全地控制以及深入地挖掘.在持续探索数据价值的过程中,对平台基础设施提出了新的技术要求,包括集成多种开源技术、支持快速的迭代开发、支持持续运行的数据分析任务等.本文研究的重点是结合DevOps等先进的面向持续交付的管理理念,利用相关技术提出空间大数据基础设施的设计方案,使其具备持续交付能力.     

天绘一号03星定位精度初步评估

天绘一号卫星是我国第一颗传输型立体测绘卫星,主要用于无地面控制点条件下高精度定位及1∶5万比例尺地形图测绘。01、02星分别于2010年8月24日及2012年5月6日成功发射,03星于2015年11月26日发射,目前3颗星在轨正常运行。01星定位精度经过系统检测后,定位精度为10.3 m/5.7 m(平面/高程),02星定位精度与01星精度相当。本文首先简要介绍了天绘一号卫星的总体概况及其地面处理系统中的关键技术,重点对03星的无控定位精度进行初步试验评估。通过国内外3条航线的试验发现,03星较02星精度有较大提高,在无地面控制点条件下可实现平面7.2 m、高程2.6 m的定位精度。     

Deep Penetration of Spudcan Foundation into Double Layered Soils

The spudcan foundation has been widely used in offshore engineering for jack-up figs. However, “punch through”failure often occurs where a stronger soil layer overlays a softer soil layer. In this study, spudcan penetration into double layered soils is investigated numerically. The soil profde is set up as a stronger soil layer overlaying a softer soil layer,with the soil strength ratio ( bottom soil strength / top soil strength) varied from 0.1 to 1.0 ( 1 means uniform soil). The bearing bohaviour is discussed and the beating capacity factors are given for various cases involving different layer thicknesses and different strength ratios of the two clay layers. The development of the plastic zones and the effect of soil selfweight on the beating capacity are also discussed. From this study, it is found that, when a spudcan is distant from the soil layer boundary, the spudean can be analysed with single soil layer data. However, when a spudcan becomes closer to the soil boundary layer, the influence of the lower soft soil layer is significant, and the beating capacity of the spudean decreases. The critical distance is an indication of the occurrence of “punch through” failure. The critical distance between the spudcan and the layer boundary is larger for a rough spudean than the one for a smooth one, and the critical distance decreases with increasing soil strength ratio. The depth of cavity formed during initial spudcan penetration depends on the top layer soil strength, soil strength ratio and unit soil self-weight, and the cavity affects the spudcan beating behaviour as well.     

中国开辟区多金属结核覆盖率分布特征

利用深拖系统多金属结核光学图像所计算的覆盖率数据,在对东太平洋中国开辟区东、西区多金属结核覆盖率大小分相的基础上,研究了各相覆盖率的连续分布总长度、平均连续分布长度和相与相之间的过渡变化,表明中国多金属结核开辟区东区与西区之间结核覆盖率连续分布特征存在明显的差别.