Flow localization in fissure eruptions

 During a basaltic fissure eruption heat transfer from the hot magma to the surrounding rock causes a dramatic increase in the magmatic viscosity and solidification at the margins. Both viscosity contrast and solidification can amplify initial variations in the flow rate and lead to localization of the flow along the strike of the fissure. However, for typical parameters, amplification driven by solidification is slower and significantly weaker than amplification driven by viscosity variations. In fact, for the parameters examined, the amplification due to solidification is so weak that its effect is almost insignificant, whereas viscosity variation provides a strong active mechanism for flow localization. Laboratory experiments illustrate viscous localization and suggest that this mechanism is robust. The dependence of viscosity on temperature can cause a small change in the pressure of the magma chamber to lead to a large jump in the flow rate of magma through the fissure. Received: 13 March 1998 / Accepted: 27 September 1998     

Measurements of the Henry's Law Coefficients of 2-Methyl-3-buten-2-ol, Methacrolein, and Methylvinyl Ketone

Using an equilibrium headspace technique, Henry's law coefficients were measured for methacrolein (H = 6.5 ± 0.7 M atm-1) and methylvinyl ketone (41 ± 7.0 M atm-1) in water at 25 °C. In addition, 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol was studied at 30 °C in water and in an aqueous ionic solution representative of plant tissue. Similar values were found in deionized water (65 ± 3.5 M atm-1) and in a 0.05 mol kg-1 Ca2+, K+, NO3-, SO42- solution (62 ± 0.8 M atm-1). These Henry's Law coefficients are too small to allow for significant partitioning of methacrolein, methylvinyl ketone or methylbutenol into cloud water under equilibrium conditions.     

柴达木冷科1井不同沉积环境元素地球化学特征

冷科1井 3000~4418m泥岩的元素分析数据表明:不同沉积环境中形成的泥岩,其元素的含量明显不同。微量元素 Mn、Rb、Ni、U、V、B、Co、Th和 Ga在湖相泥岩中含量明显增高,而在辫状三角洲及河流泛滥平原泥岩中含量较低。常量元素 Ca、K和 Mg在不整合面附近及泛滥平原泥岩中含量较高,湖相泥岩中含量低且变化小,其中 Ca、Mg表现的尤为明显。沼泽相泥岩中所有元素含量均最低。冷科 1井该段的元素地球化学分析结果说明元素地球化学方法可作为层序界面识别的一种依据。      

潜堤上破碎波浪传播变形的数值模型及其验证

为模拟潜堤上破碎波浪传播时产生能量的耗散这一特性,在改进的具有四阶色散的Boussinesq水波方程中中入二阶紊动粘性项,建立了考虑波浪破碎的水波数学模型.在非交错网格下建立了有限差分数值模型,并利用三阶Adams-Bash forth格式预报、四阶Adams-Mouton格式校正对数值模型进行求解.通过数值试验,模拟...     

近岸表层海水中溶解态铅的研究

采用阳极溶出伏安法(ASV)对1999年10月采自浙江省三门湾健跳港表层海水中溶解态铅的形态进行了分析,结果表明:海水中游离态铅的浓度为2.2 nmol/dm3,有机配位态则可分为两类,即PbL1和PbL2;两类有机配位体条件稳定常数的对数(logKpcobnLd1,pb2 和logKpcobnLd2,pb2 )分别为8.4和9.1;两类有机配位体浓度(L1和L2)分别为37.4 nmol/dm3和52.7 nmol/dm3,将上述结果与以往三门湾海区研究中海洋生物急性毒性试验结果和不同介质中铅含量进行对比可知,浙江三门湾健跳港海区表层海水中溶解态铅浓度对海洋生物是安全的,但个别底栖生物物种中较高的铅含量已影响到人类的食用安全。     

Demagnetization of viscous moments

Summary. The theory of magnetism proposed by Walton is used-to produce models of magnetic viscous decay in an assembly of single domain grains of magnetite. These are then compared with data collected from carefully controlled viscosity experiments using 3 mm diameter cores of pottery whose major magnetic mineral is magnetite.     

扇形边界附近太阻风粘性的数学描写和物理效应

本文首先指出经典粘性理论应适用于扇形边界低速风,接着论证了常用太阳风粘性数学表式的不正确性,导出了螺旋磁场中径向球对称强磁化等离子体流动的各种经典粘性表式,并证明了这些公式的合理性;最后讨论了常用太阳风经典粘性表式出错原因,估计了具有正确粘性公式的扇形边界低速太阳风粘性模式应有的结果。     

浏阳永和海泡石在海洋钻井泥浆中的应用

该文介绍浏阳县永和镇海泡石的物化基本分析结果及海泡石粘土加工方法试验、机械分散试验、分散介质试验、造浆性能评价方法以及在南海油田进行实钻试验的情况，认为用永和海泡石开发钻井泥浆材料在技术上是可行的，有着很大的远景市场开发潜力。