双频激电相位法初探

文章在综合双频激电法和相位激电法基础上,首次提出了双频激电相位法,该方法通过分析两个较低频率电流的激电相位差来达到地质勘探的目的.基于COLE-COLE模型,对双频激电相位法进行了理论分析,针对不同类型岩矿石作了数值模拟与物理模拟,从理论分析和模拟的结果可以发现,该方法既能反映地下岩矿石的激电效应强弱,也能在一定程度上反映其时间常数大小,因而可用于极化异常体性质的区分.     

液化砂土流动效应的振动台试验研究

采用振动台激励使饱和砂土发生液化,并侧向拖拽埋入砂土中的铝管,模拟液化土体与管体相对运动以分析液化砂土流动的力学效应。引入流体力学理论与方法,推导出以拉力反算表观黏度的表达式以及液化土体作为流体对管壁作用的黏滞剪切力。分析和比较了振时拖动、振后拖动下土体的流体性质及其流动效应的率相关性和孔压相关性,探讨了砂土密实度对土体流动效应的影响。结果表明,土体初始密实度与液化后土体的表观黏度正相关;液化土体的表观黏度以及因流动产生的黏滞剪切力与孔压反相关;液化砂土流动产生的黏滞剪切力具有强烈的率相关性。针对可液化场地中的结构抗震分析,应考虑土-结构率相关相互作用。     

生态足迹计算过程中的某些细节处理研究

生态足迹主要用于评估给定年、给定技术条件下研究区域生物圈的再生能力能否满足居民的消费需求.随着应用的不断增多,生态足迹计算过程中的一些细节处理方法出现了不一致的现象,降低了生态足迹计算结果的准确性和可靠性.首先指出了国内研究中所出现的一些分歧;讨论了纳入生态足迹的消费项目数量不同、肉类和水果用地类型的分歧、静态或动态产量因子、园地的归类不一致等情况对计算结果的影响.在此基础上提出应完善消费目录、明确消费类型、统一消费分类对应的生物生产性用地类型、生物承栽力计算中园地纳入林地计算、分别采取静态和动态产量因子计算生物承栽力等建议,以增强计算结果的透明性和可比性.     

Analytical Model of Roll Vortices in the Convective Boundary Layer

Analytical solutions of convective waves in the convective boundary layer (CBL) were obtained with two-layer linearized atmospheric equations including Rayleigh friction, which represents the turbulent viscosity in the lower CBL. The analytical model shows that the interaction between the convection in the lower layer and gravity waves in the upper layer is one of the causes for the formation of convective bands. The flow and temperature fields obtained by the analytical model present the main characteristics of convective bands found in field observations. We have also investigated the influences of atmospheric conditions on the characteristics of the bands. Results accord with previous knowledge about these phenomena.     

用常规探空资料估算C_n~2和ε垂直变化初探

用南京、射阳的常规探空资料建立了估算折射率结构常数Ｃ２ｎ和湍能耗散率ε垂直变化理论模式。结果表明：用该理论模式计算的ε值与用天气脉冲多普勒雷达探测的速度谱宽σ２ｒ再估算得到的ε值有较好的一致性     

对称扰动与纬向基流的相互作用 II.粘性波包的发展与弥散

该文对对称扰动与纬向基流的相互作用理论进行了深入的研究。这里是该文的第二部分,主要讨论粘性波包的发展与弥散。在对称扰动波包的动力学方程组中引进粘性作用（Ｐｒ＝１）可以发现,粘性耗散及扩散导致了“虚群速度（Ｃｉｇｙ,Ｃｉｇｚ）”的产生,它对波包的发展有着比较重要的影响。此外,各种稳定度参数的时空变化对扰动波包的发展具有重要作用。在一定的条件下,还可以产生波包的不稳定现象。     

从昌平井体应变、水位对地震波的响应特征求算含水层的Skempton常数

以理想孔隙弹性介质线性孔隙弹性理论为基础, 利用井含水层系统孔隙压力变化与体应变之间的数学表达式. 以2004年12月26日苏门答腊MＳ8.7（根据中国地震台网中心目录）地震波引起的昌平地震台水位和体应变波动资料为例,分别从时间域和频率域分析了水位与体应变之间的相互关系,并计算出地震波通过含水层时引起的水位波动对体应变的响应系数,给出了一种估算Skempton常数B的方法,为求解含水层特性提供了途径.      

基于探地雷达回波信号获取污染土壤中污染物含量的研究进展

从探地雷达GPR(Ground Penetrating Radar)在土壤污染探测中的应用、污染土壤介电常数模型的演化和土壤介电常数求取三方面综述了目前国内外学者利用探地雷达技术开展的土壤污染探测研究.研究认为以土壤介电常数为纽带,采用适宜的方法从雷达回波信号求得介电常数,基于合理的土壤介电常数模型,通过神经网络技术,可驯化建立介电常数和污染土壤多个参数之间联系,从而实现污染土壤中多种污染物含量的监测.     

A peridynamics model for strain localization analysis of geomaterials

Geomaterials such as sand and clay are highly heterogeneous multiphase materials. Nonlocality (or a characteristic length scale) in modeling geomaterials based on the continuum theory can be associated with several factors, for instance, the physical interactions of material points within finite distance, the homogenization or smoothing process of material heterogeneity, and the particle or problem size-dependent mechanical behavior (eg, the thickness of shear bands) of geomaterials. In this article, we formulate a nonlocal elastoplastic constitutive model for geomaterials by adapting a local elastoplastic model for geomaterials at a constant suction through the constitutive correspondence principle of the state-based peridynamics theory. We numerically implement this nonlocal constitutive model via the classical return-mapping algorithm of computational plasticity. We first conduct a one-dimensional compression test of a soil sample at a constant suction through the numerical model with three different values of the nonlocal variable (horizon) δ. We then present a strain localization analysis of a soil sample under the constant suction and plane strain conditions with different nonlocal variables. The numerical results show that the proposed nonlocal model can be used to simulate the inception and propagation of shear banding as well as to capture the thickness of shear bands in geomaterials at a constant suction.