堆石料等应力比路径四模量增量非线性模型

已有研究表明,土石坝内堆石料在施工填筑期的应力路径可近似为主应力比为常数的路径。根据大型三轴仪上进行的两种应力路径排水试验,即等向压缩的固结试验和等应力比值的剪切试验,提出了一个四模量增量非线性模型。模型除给出了堆石料体积模量K和剪切模量G的表达式外,对剪应力产生的体积应变和平均主应力产生的剪切应变也分别采用了交叉模量J1、J2表达。通过与试验数据的对比表明,四模量增量非线性模型能够较好地预测堆石料在等应力比路径下的应力-应变关系。     

Comparison of capability of time integration methods in capturing dynamic loading

Numerical properties of the time integration method proposed by the first author of this paper in 2007 are the same as those of the constant average acceleration method (AAM) for linear elastic systems, except that the capability to capture dynamic loading was not explored. It was found that there were different quadrature equations to predict the next step displacement increment. A modified quadrature equation of this method was derived so that the equation to determine the next step displacement was numerically equivalent to the equation used in the constant AAM. It was verified that the original form of this method, in general, had a better capability to capture dynamic loadings than the constant AAM. This excellent property, in addition to computational efficiency, will help to make this method competitive with general secondorder accurate integration methods.     

Characteristics of remaining oil viscosity in water-and polymer-flooding reservoirs in Daqing Oilfield

The experimental analysis of 21 crude oil samples shows a good correlation between high molecular-weight hydrocarbon components (C 40+) and viscosity.Forty-four remaining oil samples extracted from oil sands of oilfield development coring wells were analyzed by high-temperature gas chromatography (HTGC),for the relative abundance of C 21-,C 21-C 40 and C 40+ hydrocarbons.The relationship between viscosity of crude oil and C 40+ (%) hydrocarbons abundance is used to expect the viscosity of remaining oil.The ...     

微机控制大功率脉冲电源

介绍一种新型电化学用大功率脉冲电源的硬件原理及软件算法,它的特殊优势在于其多闭环反馈控制可实现（大惰性负载情况下）垂直方波,实现恒流制的任意值限压（包括负载突然断路瞬间输出电压限制到０）以及实现恒压制的任意值限流（包括负载突然短路时瞬间实现恒流）。近期已成功应用在铝合金阳极氧化和镀铜等工业技术领域。     

测定地球引力常数GM的协方差分析

编制了在ＧｉｖｅｎｓＧｅｎｔｌｅｍｅｎ正交变换算法下的多级复弧协方差分析软件．运用到引力常数ＧＭ解算的情形中,并计算了未参加估计的台站坐标的误差对产生解算结果的影响．这种影响的直接后果是降低了解算的精度．对产生解算内符精度和真实外符精度之间差别的原因进行了初步的探讨     

Implications of a non-adiabatic density gradient for the Earth's viscoelastic response to surface loading

The response of a viscoelastic Earth to the melting of the Late Pleistocene ice sheets has been the subject of a number of investigations employing PREM. In PREM, a non-adiabatic density gradient (NADG) exists in the upper mantle, and to understand the implications of this model it is thus important to examine the effects of this NADG on the Earth's response to surface loads. This paper is based on the assumption that the contribution to the depth dependence of the density that is not due to self-compression is due to compositional change. This contribution is referred to as 'non-adiabatic'. We evaluate the effects of a non-adiabatic density jump (NADJ) for the 670  km discontinuity and the NADG in the upper mantle by adopting a compressible earth model with both a compositional density gradient and a density jump. Numerical calculations based on these models indicate that the magnitude of the Earth's response associated with the NADG is much smaller than that associated with the NADJ at 670  km depth. It is also confirmed that the higher modes associated with the NADJ and the NADG are much more sensitive to the existence of an elastic lithosphere than the fundamental modes associated with the density jumps at the surface and core–mantle boundary.     

煤的吸附常数与最高试验压力关系的研究

研究煤的吸附性能时,意外地发现同一试验条件下获得煤的L angmuir等温吸附常数并非常数,是一变值,其变化是由试验采用的最高试验压力不同而引起。通过对中国主要煤田不同变质程度煤的等温吸附试验数据处理,证明煤的L angmuir等温吸附常V_L,p_L与最高试验压力分别呈正线性相关,并具有普遍性。为了确保煤的吸附常数之间的可比性以及对已有资料的正确利用,建立了将不同最高试验压力的等温吸附试验结果统一到同一最高试验压力的方法。      

Application of a conceptual method for separating runoff components in daily hydrographs in Kimakia forest catchments,Kenya

This paper highlights the use of a conceptual method for separating runoff components in daily hydrographs, contrary to the traditionally used graphical method of separation. In the conceptual method, the components, viz. surface flow, interflow and baseflow, are regarded as high, medium and low frequency signals and their separation is done using the principle of a recursive digital filter commonly used in signal analysis and processing. It requires estimates of the direct runoff (β_d) and surface runoff (β_s) filter parameters which are obtained by a least‐squares procedure involving baseflow and interflow indices based on graphical and recursive digital filter estimation techniques. The method thus circumvents the subjective element associated with the graphical procedure of hydrograph separation, in which case the eye approximation and/or one's skill at plotting is the prime basis for the whole analysis. The analysis based on three forest catchments in Kimakia, Kenya, East Africa, revealed that β_d=K_b and β_s=K_i , where K_b and K_i are the baseflow and interflow recession constants. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

隧道新型恒阻让压装置的工作机制研究

恒阻让压支护是挤压大变形隧道的大变形控制中较为理想的支护形式,现有技术在高承载力、大变形量及荷载稳定3个方面尚难统一。针对这一难题,受启发于金属拉拔工艺,结合钢拱架支护受力特点,自主研发了拉压转换恒阻让压装置,论述了其工作原理,分析了其力学响应规律与特征,并通过室内试验和数值模拟,对其设计参数的影响规律进行了分析,确定了拉压转换恒阻让压装置性能衡量指标。分析表明：（1）拉压转换恒阻让压装置可在压力条件下恒阻变形,将其安装于钢拱架分段接头处,与钢拱架嵌合为一体,即可保证钢拱架的稳定性,提高钢拱架的大变形适应能力,也可为围岩提供恒定的支护力;（2）基于锥角、摩擦系数、让压杆截面收缩率和直径4个设计参数,该装置可实现让压恒阻力和让压量可控,且其荷载稳定性好,可为软岩隧道大变形及支护稳定控制提供重要技术支撑。     

UH模型对粗颗粒土适用性验证及土石坝工程应用

对3种粗颗粒土进行了常规三轴CD试验、K0压缩试验和等应力比路径试验,根据三轴试验数据标定UH（unified hardening,统一硬化）模型的参数,然后模拟另外两种路径下的应力?应变关系,并与邓肯E-B模型进行比较。结果表明：UH模型能合理地描述不同应力路径下粗颗粒土的力学特性,而邓肯E-B模型的预测结果则较差,验证了UH模型对粗颗粒土的适用性。最后利用UH模型对某心墙堆石坝进行了应力变形三维有限元分析,并将计算结果与邓肯E-B模型及现场监测值进行比较。对比显示：在坝体变形和应力的定性分布规律上,UH模型的计算结果与邓肯E-B模型基本一致;而在定量上,UH模型得到的坝体变形总体上更接近现场监测值,验证了UH模型在土石坝工程中的适用性和合理性。