宇宙学常数与高红移星系观测

最近对哈勃常数的观测趋于一个大的值，引进宇宙学常数为主的宇宙学成了保持平坦宇宙并解决年龄矛盾的主要方法．本文讨论了（ｈ，Ω∧，ΩＭ）＝（０．８，０．８，０．２）的宇宙模型的一些后果，并和高红移椭球星系的观测，以及星系计数的观测作了比较．尽管观测事实表明Ω∧＝０．８模型比Ω∧＝０模型更具有优势，但这个结论仍是模糊的．除了年龄问题外，还不能排除（０．８，０，１）标准宇宙学的存在．     

Numerical stability of non-local viscoplastic FEM analyses for the study of localisation processes

As is well known, numerically handling, by means of finite element codes, localisation problems involving softening materials is still quite delicate. As soon as strain localisation occurs, mesh dependence and serious problems of convergence take place. This paper deals with this type of problem in the case where localisation occurs in an ideal naturally cemented granular specimen tested under plane strain conditions. Different versions (a local elasto-plastic, a local viscoplastic and a non-local viscoplastic) of the same strain softening model are taken into consideration and the relative numerical results are critically discussed and compared. The snap-back problem is numerically taken into account and it has been demonstrated to be affected not only by the softening parameters but also by the viscous nucleus definition. To highlight the relationship between viscosity and non-locality, the results of a numerical parametric analysis are finally discussed.     

钻孔灌注桩泥浆流变性能评价方法探讨

粘度是评价钻孔灌注桩泥浆性能的重要参数之一。由于钻孔灌注桩桩径大,泥浆循环速度低,剪切速率低,评价石油钻井和地质勘探泥浆流变性能的方法不适合评价钻孔灌注桩泥浆粘度。首先分析了钻孔灌注桩循环速度,推出其剪切速率分布;然后分析了旋转粘度计的剪切速率,提出了低转速的粘度计更适合评价钻孔灌注桩泥浆;最后推导出了塑性粘度、有效粘度和动切力的计算公式,对准确评价钻孔灌注桩泥浆具有重要理论和实践意义。     

应用恒速压汞定量评价特低渗透砂岩的微观孔喉非均质性——以鄂尔多斯盆地西峰油田长8储层为例

为定量评价特低渗透砂岩的微观孔喉非均质性,以鄂尔多斯盆地西峰油田长8储层为例,利用先进的恒速压汞技术对孔喉参数进行了测试.结果表明,不同渗透率级别的样品,孔隙参数的差异小,非均质性弱,孔隙半径介于80～300 μm范围内;微观孔喉的非均质性主要体现在喉道特征参数上,喉道参数制约储层品质影响开发效果;样品渗透率越大,喉道半径越大,分布范围越宽,大喉道含量越高,同时大喉道对渗透率的贡献也随之增加,渗透性主要由占少部分的较大喉道来贡献;平均喉道半径和主流喉道半径与渗透率表现出了非常好的相关关系,渗透率越小,受喉道参数的影响程度越强.较大的孔喉比和较宽的分布区间是特低渗透砂岩储层的显著特点,也是开发效果差的主要原因,不同渗透率级别的储层,开发过程中应根据喉道大小及其分布范围区别对待.     

全空气定风量系统与风机盘管结合在商场等大空间中的应用

介绍了全空气定风量系统与风机盘管结合在商场等大空间中的应用—利用风机盘管承担靠近外维护结构的外区负荷,利用全空气定风量系统承担室内负荷及新风负荷。给出了该系统过渡季全新风的运行方式及空调自控要求。     

低温酸性条件下白钨矿的不一致溶解动力学

在75℃和pH=1.04～2.46时采用间歇型实验方法测定了天然白钨矿在HCl溶液中的溶解速率,揭示了溶解反应的动力学机理。结果表明,Ca的释放速率随反应时间保持稳定,并随pH降低而增大。W的释放行为则更为复杂,在反应初期与Ca呈一致溶解,之后由于钨酸表面层(中间产物)的形成,W的释放量和释放速率明显下降。这说明白钨矿的溶解作用由早期的表面化学反应转变为化学反应-扩散控制过程,从而导致W、Ca呈不一致溶解。pH越小,不一致溶解出现的时间越早。酸性溶液中白钨矿的溶解速率方程为v=k[H+]n,以W和Ca计算的速率常数k分别为0.65×10-5mol/m2s和1.04×10-5mol/m2s,反应级数n则分别为1.20和1.26。结合他人研究结果,白钨矿的溶解反应相对于H+可能为一级反应。     

地球自转变化非潮汐项的冰期后地壳反弹解释

本文采用地球上四个最大的冰帽参数，计算了冰帽的融化对地球转动惯量的影响．根据冰期后地壳反弹理论，由现代天体测量空间技术观测资料分析得到的地球自转变化非潮汐项，估计给出了基于１０６６Ｂ地球模型的下地幔粘性系数为１．３５×１０（２２）≥Ｖ（ＬＭ）≤１．９１×１０（２２）Ｐａｓ．结果表明，用冰期后的地壳反弹理论和上述的地球下地幔粘性系数基本可以解释现代空间技术观测得到的地球自转变化中的非潮汐项．     

On the effect of lava viscosity on the magnetic fabric intensity in alkaline volcanic rocks

The degree of the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) of basaltic rocks, as is known from the large AMS database of these rocks, is generally very low, while in more acidic volcanic rocks such as andesites, trachytes and phonolites, which have been investigated much less frequently, it is in general much higher. In the present study, the AMS of various volcanic rocks including trachytic and phonolitic rocks was investigated in the Tertiary volcanic region of the eské stedohoí Mts. Viscosities of the respective lavas were calculated from the chemical composition using the KWARE program. A rough correlation was found between the degree of AMS and lava viscosities, probably resulting from different mechanisms orienting the magnetic minerals. In basaltic lava flows this mechanism is traditionally considered to be of a hydrodynamic nature, in trachytic and phonolitic bodies it can also be represented by quasi-intrusive flows resembling, at least partially, ductile flow deformation. This is in agreement with the AMS data predicted by the viscous (liquid flow) and line/plane (ductile flow) models.