一种蠕虫叉红藻硫酸半乳聚糖的粘度特性研究

探讨红藻多糖在食品中的应用前景,对蠕虫叉红藻（Furcellaria lumbricalis）中1种硫酸半乳聚糖（FB）的粘度特性进行了研究。采用流变仪通过与标准k-卡拉胶（KCA）比较,分析FB在不同温度、pH、金属离子以及酪蛋白存在下粘度的变化。结果表明,在25～50℃下,FB水溶液的粘度随温度升高而迅速下降;在相同温度下,FB水溶液粘度稍受pH值大小的影响;钾离子和钙离子均能降低FB水溶液粘度,但Ca^2＋的加入能明显提高酪蛋白与FB混合水溶液体系粘度。由于FB和KCA粘度变化行为具有相似性,这为FB用作食品添加剂提供了有用数据。     

太湖湍流动能耗散率的廓线分布及其可能机制

湍流不仅是导致物质、动量等在水-气交界面的交换、水柱内部输送的关键过程,也是促进浅水湖泊中底泥再悬浮及水生生态系统演变的驱动力;其中湍流动能耗散率（ε）不仅是描述湍流动能变化的关键物理量,也是刻画水体中湍流产生机制的关键过程.基于2017年10月29日-11月2日位于太湖梅梁湾采集的高频三维流速廓线和水温廓线观测资料,结合东山气象站同期的风场和辐射等气象资料,探讨太湖中ε的分布特征及其变化的可能机制.结果表明,0.7 m深度以下水平方向上ε介于10^-8~10^-7 m²/s³之间,比垂直方向大一个数量级左右.尽管大型浅水湖泊几何深度浅,但其ε的深度廓线依然存在典型的3层：ε随深度递减的风浪直接作用层,深度从水面至1.0 m左右;ε基本不随深度变化的常数层,分布区间为水深1.0~1.9 m;随后是ε随深度递减的底边界混合层.热力分层的强弱（垂向温差）、位置对常数层和底部边界中ε的贡献显著,甚至造成ε的常数层起始深度下移.本研究有利于进一步理解大型浅水湖泊的动力学过程及其对水生生态系统演变的驱动效应.     

基于回复电压法的ZnO压敏电阻冲击老化诊断

针对如何准确诊断ZnO压敏电阻老化的问题,提出了一种新的诊断方法——回复电压法,通过对ZnO压敏电阻试样进行不同程度的冲击老化试验,并采用多种诊断方法对试样在冲击前后的老化状态进行测量,发现回复电压法同传统的压敏电压以及放电残压变化率法所得的结论相吻合,且回复电压法的主要参数回复电压最大值以及中心时间常数在冲击后呈现下降趋势,这与SEM电镜扫描试验得出的压敏电阻晶粒平均尺寸下降,电导率上升的结论相一致,进一步证明了回复电压法诊断的及时有效性,这对提高ZnO压敏电阻的老化诊断准确度具有一定的参考价值。     

Energy- and flux-budget (EFB) turbulence closure model for stably stratified flows. Part I: steady-state,homogeneous regimes

We propose a new turbulence closure model based on the budget equations for the key second moments: turbulent kinetic and potential energies: TKE and TPE (comprising the turbulent total energy: TTE = TKE + TPE) and vertical turbulent fluxes of momentum and buoyancy (proportional to potential temperature). Besides the concept of TTE, we take into account the non-gradient correction to the traditional buoyancy flux formulation. The proposed model permits the existence of turbulence at any gradient Richardson number, Ri. Instead of the critical value of Richardson number separating—as is usually assumed—the turbulent and the laminar regimes, the suggested model reveals a transitional interval, , which separates two regimes of essentially different nature but both turbulent: strong turbulence at ; and weak turbulence, capable of transporting momentum but much less efficient in transporting heat, at . Predictions from this model are consistent with available data from atmospheric and laboratory experiments, direct numerical simulation and large-eddy simulation.     

A logging method for estimating permeability, velocity of second compressional wave, and electroacoustic constant in electrolyte-saturated porous formations

A new algorithm is suggested for joint calculation of three key parameters of reservoir rocks: permeability, electroacoustic constant, and velocity of second bulk compressional wave (slow wave). The algorithm is advantageous in the use of Stoneley waves which are most stable in acoustoelectric log waveform data.     

Segmentation of complex geophysical structures with well data

In many problems of geophysical interest, when trying to segment images (i.e., to locate interfaces between different regions on the images), one has to deal with data that exhibit very complex structures. This occurs, for instance, when describing complex geophysical images (with layers, faults,...); in that case, segmentation is very difficult. Moreover, the segmentation process requires to take into account well data to interpolate, which implies integrating interpolation condition in the mathematical model.More precisely, let be a given bounded image function, where Ω is an open and bounded domain that belongs to . Let be a finite set of given points (well data). The aim is to find a contour Γ⊂Ω such that Γ is an object boundary interpolating the points from S. To do that, we combine the ideas of the geodesic active contour (Caselles et al., Int. J. Comput. Vision 22-1:61-87, 1997) and of interpolation of points (Zhao et al., Comput. Vis. Image Understand. 80:295-314, 1986) in a Level Set approach developed by Osher and Sethian (J. Comput. Phys. 79:12-49, 1988). We present modelling of the proposed method. Both theoretical results (viscosity solution) and numerical results (on a velocity model for a real seismic line) are given.     

Kolmogorov Constants of Atmospheric Turbulence over a Homogeneous Surface

In this paper,the authors use ultrasonic data over a homogeneous surface to calculate the Kolmogorov constants of velocity,temperature,CO2,and water vapor.The authors find that the constants are all within the range determined by former experiments and that they are universally independent of the stability.     

Bianchi type-III universe with perfect fluid

We study Bianchi type-III cosmological model filled with perfect fluid in the presence of cosmological constant Λ(t). The Hubble law utilised yields a constant value of deceleration parameter. Physical and Kinematical properties of the model have also studied.      

铁催化高压歧化生成的单壁碳纳米管氢等离子体的微波损耗机理

运用双流体理论,在同时考虑了单壁碳纳米管中氢等离子体的电子碰撞吸收和氢离子碰撞吸收的基础上,理论推导出了铁催化高压歧化生成的单壁碳纳米管中氢等离子体的微波衰减系数公式,数值计算了0.2~18 GHz频段的微波衰减系数.计算结果表明,铁催化高压歧化生成的单壁碳纳米管中氢等离子体对2.45 GHz的微波产生强烈损耗.理论值与实验数据相吻合.     

一次降雨过程风廓线雷达回波特征

为应用风廓线雷达监测降水天气,通过对2006年南京地区一次春季降雨过程的边界层风廓线雷达探测数据与自动站雨量数据进行对比分析和相关性统计,研究降水发生、维持和消亡期间风廓线雷达资料的变化特征,分析风廓线雷达垂直速度、速度谱宽与降雨强度之间的相关性。结果表明：当降雨临近时,风廓线雷达水平风廓线上的空洞逐渐消失,当降雨结束时空洞再次出现,且伴随着低空急流的出现降水明显增强。随着降雨的发生,风廓线雷达产品的垂直速度、速度谱宽和折射率结构常数值均明显增大。整个降水期间,550 m高度层以下的垂直速度与降水量存在显著线性负相关,450—950 m高度层之间的速度谱宽与降水量存在显著线性正相关,可见垂直速度、速度谱宽的变化与降水强度关系密切;当垂直负速度变小或速度谱宽变大时,降水增强的可能性增大。研究结果揭示了风廓线雷达垂直速度、速度谱宽与降雨强度之间的内在联系,可为风廓线雷达应用于降雨天气监测提供参考。