Small-scale instabilities below the cooling oceanic lithosphere

Interpretation of satellite altimetry data as well as ship bathymetry data revealed strongly elongated anomalies roughly perpendicular to the mid-ocean ridges in the Indian and east Pacific oceans. A spectral analysis of gravity altimetry data along profiles parallel to the East Pacific Rise indicated wavelengths of about 150–180  km close to the ridge and about 250  km further away. A simple model of Rayleigh–Taylor instabilities developing at the base of the cooling lithosphere is discussed and applied to the data. By considering thermal diffusion and comparing Rayleigh–Taylor growth rates to the velocity of the thermal front in the cooling lithosphere, we are able to explain the observed anomalies by instabilities developing below the lithosphere in a layer with a viscosity of about 10¹⁹  Pa  s above an asthenospheric layer with a viscosity reduction of 2–3 orders of magnitude.     

自控钻进中的优化钻进原理

对自控钻进中的２种比较实用先进的优化钻进原理进行了分析探讨。根据钻孔深度的不同,将钻柱－－孔壁环节作为主要影响因素,从能量传递效果的角度提出了适合浅孔的切入量优化控制方法和适合深孔的功率钻速优化控制方法,并论述了２种优化方法的基本原理和实现方法。     

Effect of the viscoelastic lithosphere on polar wander speed caused by the Late Pleistocene glacial cycles

Previous studies of the wander of the rotation pole associated with the Late Pleistocene glacial cycles indicate that the predicted polar wander speed is sensitive to the density jump at the 670 km discontinuity, the thickness of the elastic lithosphere, and the lower mantle viscosity. In particular, the M1 mode related to the density jump at 670 km depth has been shown to contribute a dominant portion of predicted polar wander speed for sufficiently small lower mantle viscosities. In this study, we examine the sensitivity of polar wander to variations in the viscosity of the viscoelastic lithosphere using simplified compressible Maxwell viscoelastic earth models. Model calculations for earth models with a viscoelastic lithosphere of finite viscosity indicate that the contribution of the M1 mode is similar to those associated with the density discontinuity at the core–mantle boundary (C0 mode) and the lithosphere (L0 mode). We speculate that this is due to the interaction between the M1 mode and the transient mode associated with the viscoelastic lithosphere, which reduces the magnitude of polar wander rates. Therefore, the M1 mode does not contribute a dominant portion of the predicted polar wander speed for earth models with a viscoelastic lithosphere of finite viscosity. In this case, predictions of polar wander speed as a function of lower mantle viscosity exhibit the qualitative form of an 'inverted parabola', as predicted for the J ˙₂ curve. We caution, however, that these results are obtained for simplified earth models, and the results for seismological earth models such as PREM may be complicated by the interaction between the M1 mode and the large set of transient modes.     

外核液态铁粘滞度的分子动力学研究

地球外核液态铁的不断流动造成了地球磁场 ,决定这一流动的基本性质之一是剪切粘滞度。研究外核液态铁的剪切粘滞度对认识地球磁场的运转机制具有非常重要的意义。地震波和大地测量研究表明地球内部除了剪切衰减外 ,还具有体积衰减。研究外核液态铁的体粘滞度对认识地球内部非弹性性质具有重要意义。由于外核所处的温度和压力状态 ,目前还无法从实验的角度对外核的粘滞度进行测量 ,因此必须采用实际观测和理论模拟计算相结合的方法。在考察了地球外核的主要成分和所处的温压状态后 ,简要介绍了研究外核的一种有效的理论方法———分子动力学。在此基础上 ,重点评述了国际上对外核液态铁剪切粘滞度和体粘滞度的研究现状。在剪切粘滞度方面 ,理论计算值位于实际地球观测值区间的下限。在体粘滞度方面 ,理论计算与实际地球观测之间均存在巨大的差别。这一巨大差异的解决将加深人们对地球内部非弹性性质的认识。     

地质雷达的应用条件探讨

地质雷达是浅部勘探的一种有效的勘探方法。本文对其应用条件进行了探讨,特别研究了导电率、介电常数、探测频率3个主要因素对地质雷达探测的影响。研究结果对地质雷达的应用具参考指导作用。     

近地层风廓线与垂直湍流强度关系研究

通过改进Prandtl 混合长理论,得出近地层风廓线形式     

Molecular constants of LiCl(X1Σ+) and elastic collisions of two ground-state Cl and Li atoms at low and ultralow temperatures

Interaction potentials for LiCl(X¹Σ⁺) are constructed by the highly accurate valence internally contracted multireference configuration interaction in combination with a number of large correlation-consistent basis sets, which are used to determine the spectroscopic parameters (D₀, D_e, R_e, ω_e, _eχ_e, B_e and α_e. The potentials obtained at the basis sets, i.e., aug-cc-pV5Z-JKFI for Cl and cc-pV5Z for Li, are selected to study the elastic collision properties of Li and Cl atoms at the impact energies from 1.0×10^-12 to 1.0×10^-4 a.u. The derived total elastic cross sections are very large and almost constant at ultralow temperatures, and their shapes are mainly dominated by the s-partial wave at very low impact energies. Only one shape resonance can be found in the total elastic cross sections over the present collision energy regime, which is rather strong and obviously broadened by the overlap contributions of the abundant resonances coming from various partial waves. Abundant resonances exist for the elastic partial-wave cross sections until l = 22 partial waves. The vibrational manifolds of the LiCl(X¹Σ⁺) molecule, which are predicted at the present level of theory and the basis sets cc-pV5Z for Li and the aug-cc-pV5Z-JKFI for Cl, should achieve much high accuracy due to the employment of the large correlation-consistent basis sets.     

陀螺经纬仪定向精度的研究

分析了国内外现行的规范在评定陀螺经纬仪定向精度方面的异同,提出了一套陀螺经纬仪精度评定规范,实现了对AGT-1陀螺经纬仪的精度评定。