察尔汗盐湖S4层晶间卤水的粘滞性

1991年 9月— 1 994年 1 2月 ,经 3年半的粘度测知 ,0 5m水深处 ,察尔汗盐湖晶间卤水运动粘滞系数多年平均值为 3 0 68× 1 0 - 2 cm2 /s;3 0m水深处 ,多年平均值为 3 32 4×1 0 - 2 cm2 /s;6 0m水深处 ,多年平均值为 4 0 94× 1 0 - 2 cm2 /s;9 0m水深处 ,多年平均值为5 71 7× 1 0 - 2 cm2 /s;1 2m水深处 ,多年平均值为 5 2 0 7× 1 0 - 2 cm2 /s。从 1 991年 9月— 1 994年 1 2月 ,各卤水深处卤水运动粘滞系数不论是年均值还是月均值均随时间推移而逐渐减小。1 992年 3月— 1 994年 1 2月期间 ,多年来 ,3月份卤水运动粘滞系数为 3 473× 1 0 - 2 cm2 /s,6月份为 3 390× 1 0 - 2 cm2 /s,9月份为 3 496× 1 0 - 2 cm2 /s,1 2月份为 2 576× 1 0 - 2 cm2 /s。由此看出 ,9、3、6月份的值较高 ,1 2月份的较低。晶间卤水运动粘滞系数 (v)等值线基本上是南北走向分布 ,即自东而西减小 ,首采区v值较低 ;表层卤水粘滞系数小 ,深部卤水粘滞系数较大。从 1 991年 9月— 1 992年 1 2月 ,各年份卤水运动粘滞系数的平均值均随卤水深度增加而增加。卤水的粘度系数除与温度及不同种类盐的溶液有关外 ,在察尔汗这种多种盐类组成的卤水中 ,其卤水的运动粘滞系数比重在 1 2 0— 1 30范围内时 ,与比重及镁含量呈好的     

一致概率谱衰减指数的取值方法探讨

在重大工程的地震安全性评价工作中,根据概率法地震危险性分析得到的一致概率反应谱,与建筑抗震设计规范给出的设计反应谱常常不一致,特别是在长周期部分,一致概率谱一般均低于相应的规范谱。为解决地震安全性评价得到的一致概率谱在抗震设计中的应用,本文通过比较、分析一致概率谱和规范谱,针对一致概率谱标定得到的衰减指数γ较规范谱明显偏大的特点,提出了一致概率谱衰减指数的取值方法。     

Analysis of Diffusion and Adsorption of Volatile Organic Compounds in Zeolites by a Single Pellet Moment Technique

The diffusion and adsorption of two common volatile organic compounds, i. e., methanol and benzene, in different zeolite pellets were studied experimentally by using the single pellet moment technique. The experiments were conducted in a one‐sided single pellet adsorption cell at different temperatures in the range between 303 and 343 K. The results showed that both volatile organic tracers were adsorbed reversibly onto all zeolite samples. The overall adsorption equilibrium constants of both volatile organic compounds decreased with increasing temperature. The adsorption of the tracers onto the zeolite samples were found to increase in the order of NaY > clinoptilolite > 4A. In the range between 303 and 343 K, the adsorption constants of benzene range from 10.51 to 5.52 for zeolite 4A, from 11.90 to 6.37 for clinoptilolite and from 20.32 to 9.82 for NaY. The adsorption constants of methanol range from 19.05 to 8.26 for zeolite 4A, from 38.40 to 9.12 for clinoptilolite and from 74.21 to 14.70 for NaY at temperatures between 303 and 333 K. The effective diffusivities for benzene varied from 2.20·10^–6 to 13.01·10^–6 m²/s, whereas for methanol, they varied from 9.80·10^–6 to 15.60·10^–6 m²/s at the temperatures studied.     

沥青心墙压实度的探地雷达探测研究

沥青心墙是水利水电工程的一种重要的防渗形式,其质量直接关系到工程的安全.压实度是评价其质量的重要指标,常采用取芯后实验室来测定,虽然探测结果可靠,但破坏性大、周期性长以及连续性差.我们采用探地雷达方法来评价沥青心墙的压实度.为消除沥青心墙的侧壁和两侧的堆石对探测结果的影响,本文模拟了雷达波在沥青心墙中传播,得出没有侧壁和堆石反射波影响的有效探测深度.并利用实测数据提取沥青心墙的雷达波属性如振幅、主频以及瞬态谱等,结合采样获得的孔隙度和密度,得出其与属性参数间的关系.研究表明,这种方法可以直观、快速、连续的反映心墙压实度变化,为工程质量的检测提供很好的依据.     

Effects of spatial wind inhomogeneity and turbulence anisotropy on circulation in an elongated basin: A simplified analytical solution

The response of a closed basin to wind forcing has been studied extensively, but the role of turbulence anisotropy coupled with spatial wind inhomogeneity has never been considered explicitly. An analytical solution is presented for steady state hydrodynamics, considering the central part of a constant-depth, elongated basin with a laterally varying wind, and a homogeneous, yet anisotropic, eddy viscosity tensor. The solution is derived both for a single-layer and for a two-layer basin, which is representative of a stratified lake with a well-developed thermocline. Since the focus is on the short-term barotropic reaction to wind forcing, which determines the type of lake circulation, baroclinic effects are neglected as a first approximation. In this case, the development of planimetric (depth-averaged) circulation superimposed on circulation in the vertical plane can be determined as a function of wind lateral variation and a few dimensionless parameters. The relevance of such an analytical solution is twofold. Firstly, the knowledge of the prevailing circulation can help in the choice of the best type of numerical model (three-dimensional vs. two-dimensional, depth- or lateral-averaged). Secondly, it shows the importance of correct estimates of both vertical and horizontal eddy viscosity, whereas the latter is not usually considered as an important parameter in lake hydrodynamics modeling.     

新型数控岩石节理剪切渗流试验台的设计与应用

岩石节理的应力渗流耦合性质对工程结构稳定性的影响普遍存在于各种岩体工程中,而进行岩石节理的室内剪切-渗流耦合试验,是一种有效的研究手段。采用新型数控岩体节理剪切渗流耦合试验台,应用全数字伺服控制系统,实现了对试验进程的平稳控制以及试验数据的多路同步实时采集和处理;通过剪切盒的精细设计,提高了剪切盒可承受的渗透压力值,并保证试验过程密封性能良好的同时实现了柔性边界条件。在恒定渗透压力作用下,分别进行了不同边界条件下的剪切渗流耦合试验,试验结果验证了该试验装置的可靠性和实用性,将能为岩体工程的合理设计提供有效数据依据。该试验台可以应用于地下核废料储存、水利水电地下洞室、水下隧道、采矿等工程有关问题的研究中。     

昆仑山大地震震后形变反映的地壳岩石流变特性

2001年昆仑山地震是我国近50年来最大的地震。用3种模型对震后中国地震局跨断层布设的4个GPS站点记录到显著的震后形变进行了模拟研究。结果表明：单纯的上地壳10 km为滞弹性的模型不能解释震后形变的幅度;30 km的弹性上地壳覆盖在 40 km 的柔性下地壳上的松弛模型可以解释变形速率指数衰减的主要特征;而两个模型的结合不但能解释整 体指数衰减的特征,而且还能更好地拟合震后最初几周的较高形变速率。结果表明,在昆仑山断层两侧存在着流变性质的 差异。     

Vertical vibration isolator having piecewise‐constant restoring force

We present a vertical vibration isolator having a piecewise‐constant restoring force, which belongs to a class of passive and nonlinear vibration isolators. In vertical vibration isolation, direct use of low‐stiffness elements leads to unacceptably large deformations due to self‐weight. To overcome the difficulty, we apply a combination of constant‐force springs, each of which sustains a constant load regardless of its stretch. By arranging the constant‐force springs, so that the isolator has a piecewise‐constant restoring force, we alleviate the problem of the excessive deformation caused by self‐weight, provide stability at the static equilibrium state along with the self‐centering capability, and realize a large stroke while keeping the mechanism simple and compact. Further, we attempt to limit the response acceleration within a tolerance regardless of the frequency spectrum and the magnitude of earthquake ground motions. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the present isolator through shaking table tests and numerical simulations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Properties of the Aftershock Sequences of the 2003 Bingöl, M D = 6.4, (Turkey) Earthquake

Aftershock sequences of the magnitude M _{W =}6.4 Bingöl earthquake of 1 May, 2003 (Turkey) are studied to analyze the spatial and temporal variability of seismicity parameters of the b value of the frequency-magnitude distribution and the p value describing the temporal decay rate of aftershocks. The catalog taken from the KOERI contains 516 events and one month’s time interval. The b value is found as 1.49 ± 0.07 with Mc =3.2. Considering the error limits, b value is very close to the maximum b value stated in the literature. This larger value may be caused by the paucity of the larger aftershocks with magnitude M _D ≥ 5.0. Also, the aftershock area is divided into four parts in order to detect the differences in b value and the changes illustrate the heterogeneity of the aftershock region. The p value is calculated as 0.86 ± 0.11, relatively small. This small p value may be a result of the slow decay rate of the aftershock activity and the small number of aftershocks. For the fitting of a suitable model and estimation of correct values of decay parameters, the sequence is also modeled as a background seismicty rate model. Constant background activity does not appear to be important during the first month of the Bingöl aftershock sequences and this result is coherent with an average estimation of pre-existing seismicity. The results show that usage of simple modified Omori law is reasonable for the analysis. The spatial variability in b value is between 1.2 and 1.8 and p value varies from 0.6 to 1.2. Although the physical interpretation of the spatial variability of these seismicity parameters is not straightforward, the variation of b and p values can be related to the stress and slip distribution after the mainshock, respectively. The lower b values are observed in the high stress regions and to a certain extent, the largest b values are related to Holocene alluvium. The larger p values are found in some part of the aftershock area although no slip occurred after the main shock and it is interpreted that this situation may be caused by the alluvium structure of the region. These results indicate that the spatial distribution in b and p values are generally related to the rupture mechanism and material properties of an aftershock area.     

反应位移法在埋地腐蚀管线抗震分析中的应用

埋地管线作为油、气、水等的传输载体,是地下工程的重要设施之一。埋地管线特别是金属管线容易发生腐蚀现象,在地震灾害的影响下,含有腐蚀缺陷的管线容易发生泄漏和断裂事故,造成巨大的资源浪费和环境污染等损失。因此埋地腐蚀管线抗震性能研究的重要性也越发凸显。本文以埋地腐蚀管线为研究对象,探索管线腐蚀深度、宽度、腐蚀位置和腐蚀管线埋深等腐蚀参数对管线抗震性能的影响,旨在为管线的安全性和实用性提供理论参考,对管线是否继续使用、维护或更换和安全生产提供指导,以及为管线的抗震设计提供基础研究。本文运用反应位移法在有限元软件ANSYS上实现各参数下的埋地腐蚀管线的地震响应分析。