Magnetic viscosity effect on TEM data of an array with a fixed transmitter loop

In this paper, we present and discuss the results of modeling of the transient induction processes observed at different distances from the center of a transmitter loop in studies of a two-layer earth in which the magnetic susceptibility of the top layer or the base depends on frequency. Profiling graphs (the offset is plotted on the abscissa, and the EMF induced in the receiver coil at a fixed time is plotted on the ordinate) show that the polarity of the EMF changes as the offset increases. For the model with a magnetic layer of any thickness, the polarity of the EMF reverses immediately after the receiver crosses the loop wire. For the model with a magnetic base, the offset at which the EMF polarity reversal occurs is the larger the greater the thickness of the layer. For both models, the EMF at a fixed time depends on the thickness of the layer and the offset. Particularly strong dependence of the EMF on layer thickness or offset is observed near the loop side. Therefore, measurements near the wire make it possible to determine the thickness of the layer in the case where it is much less than the length of the loop side. The overall effect of magnetic relaxation and transient eddy currents leads to the fact that small changes in the layer thickness or offset can lead to a dramatic change in the transient response.     

论大地水准面

经典大地水准面被定义为等重力位水准面,它在海洋中重合于假想的静止海水面,而后者通常又由平均海水面来代替。然而,平均海水面并非重力等位面,如果精度要求高于1m,则上述经典定义不再适用。近代大地水准面被定义为最接近于平均海水面的重力等位面,但关键问题是如何确定这种大地水准面。为实现这一目标,不仅需要确定大地水准面的形状,而且需要确定大地位常数W₀。探讨了几种主要的大地水准面的定义及其相关的确定大地水准面的问题,并建议了一种新的大地水准面的定义。     

柴油污染砂土中体积含水量TDR测试研究

摘要为了研究柴油污染砂土体积含水量的快速测试方法,通过向砂土中人为掺入不同比例柴油,配制成不同污染程度的有机物污染土,并通过对受柴油污染的砂土进行TDR测试,探讨一定干密度下砂土介电常数与砂土含水量和含油量之间的关系。试验结果表明：当砂土中只含有去离子水或孔隙液为去离子水与柴油混合液时,TDR反射波形随着含水量的增加有明显延迟现象,计算得到介电常数随含水量的增加而增大;当砂土中只含有柴油时,TDR反射波形随着含油量的增加只有小幅延迟,计算得到的介电常数亦随着含油量的增加而增加;TDR测试可用于快速检测柴油污染土的污染程度。     

边界单元法及其在位势问题近似解法中的应用

本文研究了边界单元法的理论及其在解位势问题中的应用。边界单元法从控制微分方程和边界条件出发,利用加权剩余法,建立积分方程,对边界进行剖分,得到在结点处位势所满足的线性代数方程组。文中提出了二维位势问题的常数元和线性元解法。边界单元法降低了求解空间的维数,减少了离散线性方程组的阶数,输入数据比较少,而工作效率高。     

Analysis of Diffusion and Adsorption of Volatile Organic Compounds in Zeolites by a Single Pellet Moment Technique

The diffusion and adsorption of two common volatile organic compounds, i. e., methanol and benzene, in different zeolite pellets were studied experimentally by using the single pellet moment technique. The experiments were conducted in a one‐sided single pellet adsorption cell at different temperatures in the range between 303 and 343 K. The results showed that both volatile organic tracers were adsorbed reversibly onto all zeolite samples. The overall adsorption equilibrium constants of both volatile organic compounds decreased with increasing temperature. The adsorption of the tracers onto the zeolite samples were found to increase in the order of NaY > clinoptilolite > 4A. In the range between 303 and 343 K, the adsorption constants of benzene range from 10.51 to 5.52 for zeolite 4A, from 11.90 to 6.37 for clinoptilolite and from 20.32 to 9.82 for NaY. The adsorption constants of methanol range from 19.05 to 8.26 for zeolite 4A, from 38.40 to 9.12 for clinoptilolite and from 74.21 to 14.70 for NaY at temperatures between 303 and 333 K. The effective diffusivities for benzene varied from 2.20·10^–6 to 13.01·10^–6 m²/s, whereas for methanol, they varied from 9.80·10^–6 to 15.60·10^–6 m²/s at the temperatures studied.     

Vertical vibration isolator having piecewise‐constant restoring force

We present a vertical vibration isolator having a piecewise‐constant restoring force, which belongs to a class of passive and nonlinear vibration isolators. In vertical vibration isolation, direct use of low‐stiffness elements leads to unacceptably large deformations due to self‐weight. To overcome the difficulty, we apply a combination of constant‐force springs, each of which sustains a constant load regardless of its stretch. By arranging the constant‐force springs, so that the isolator has a piecewise‐constant restoring force, we alleviate the problem of the excessive deformation caused by self‐weight, provide stability at the static equilibrium state along with the self‐centering capability, and realize a large stroke while keeping the mechanism simple and compact. Further, we attempt to limit the response acceleration within a tolerance regardless of the frequency spectrum and the magnitude of earthquake ground motions. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the present isolator through shaking table tests and numerical simulations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Properties of the Aftershock Sequences of the 2003 Bingöl, M D = 6.4, (Turkey) Earthquake

Aftershock sequences of the magnitude M _{W =}6.4 Bingöl earthquake of 1 May, 2003 (Turkey) are studied to analyze the spatial and temporal variability of seismicity parameters of the b value of the frequency-magnitude distribution and the p value describing the temporal decay rate of aftershocks. The catalog taken from the KOERI contains 516 events and one month’s time interval. The b value is found as 1.49 ± 0.07 with Mc =3.2. Considering the error limits, b value is very close to the maximum b value stated in the literature. This larger value may be caused by the paucity of the larger aftershocks with magnitude M _D ≥ 5.0. Also, the aftershock area is divided into four parts in order to detect the differences in b value and the changes illustrate the heterogeneity of the aftershock region. The p value is calculated as 0.86 ± 0.11, relatively small. This small p value may be a result of the slow decay rate of the aftershock activity and the small number of aftershocks. For the fitting of a suitable model and estimation of correct values of decay parameters, the sequence is also modeled as a background seismicty rate model. Constant background activity does not appear to be important during the first month of the Bingöl aftershock sequences and this result is coherent with an average estimation of pre-existing seismicity. The results show that usage of simple modified Omori law is reasonable for the analysis. The spatial variability in b value is between 1.2 and 1.8 and p value varies from 0.6 to 1.2. Although the physical interpretation of the spatial variability of these seismicity parameters is not straightforward, the variation of b and p values can be related to the stress and slip distribution after the mainshock, respectively. The lower b values are observed in the high stress regions and to a certain extent, the largest b values are related to Holocene alluvium. The larger p values are found in some part of the aftershock area although no slip occurred after the main shock and it is interpreted that this situation may be caused by the alluvium structure of the region. These results indicate that the spatial distribution in b and p values are generally related to the rupture mechanism and material properties of an aftershock area.