Influence of viscosity on one-dimensional thermal consolidation of marine clay

ABSTRACT

The elastic mechanical response of porous materials under a heat source has many applications in civil engineering and has received considerable attention in the geotechnical literature. In this paper, a Kelvin viscoelastic model is combined with the thermohydromechanical governing equations for marine clay and solved using a numerical inversion of the inverse Laplace transform in the time domain. After validation against existing analytical solutions, numerical parametric studies are conducted to investigate the influence of viscosity on temperature, excess pore pressure, and displacement. It is shown that viscosity has little influence on temperature, a modest influence on displacements, and a quite significant influence on excess pore pressure.     

导线测量中全站仪棱镜常数的影响

针对导线测量中棱镜常数设置错误的情况,分析了导线验算无法检核棱镜常数使用错误的原因,研究了棱镜常数使用错误对平差结果的影响,提出了导线测量中棱镜常数使用是否正确的检测方法,通过使用该方法可以避免距离测量的粗差,从而保证导线测量的精度。     

最优迟滞系数的自适应绿噪声半色调算法

提出了最优迟滞系数的自适应绿噪声半色调算法。该算法使用随机数选择不同的误差扩散滤波器和根据图像灰度级选择最优迟滞系数的方法,有效地解决了普通绿噪声半色调算法中由于点聚集而在某些图像阶调上产生规律性条纹及视觉效果不均匀的问题。实验结果表明,所提出的半色调算法生成的网目调图像既保持了绿噪声网目调图像的调幅特性,又保证了半色调输出图像的视觉均匀性。     

Experimental assessment of the infiltration properties of a coarse soil medium in a dielectric infiltration test

An accurate determination of the hydrological characteristics of porous media, such as the values of the porosity and effective porosity, are essential. This is important to understand the transport processes of infiltration and the movement of water and contaminants in the porous media. In this study, a laboratory soil column experiment to estimate the porosity and effective porosity of Toyoura standard sand samples, using a dielectric method termed the frequency domain reflectometry with vector network analyzer (FDR-V), was performed. The FDR-V device uses high-frequency microwaves, ranging from 0.1 to 3 GHz, to measure the complex dielectric constants of the sample. From the measured complex dielectric constant, the two parameters of the soil samples then were derived, using a proposed dielectric mixture model and tracer concentration model. The effective porosity of the soil sample is measured at 0.311 with the FDR-V dielectric method and 0.345 by the soil tracer column test. Comparing this with the calculated porosities of the soil sample, the ratio of effective porosity is approximately 78% for the dielectric method, and approximately 86% for the tracer concentration method. These different values can be explained to be within the measurement range with regard to the measurement volume for the soil column. These results indicate that measurement by the dielectric method using an FDR-V device is an efficient and useful tool for estimating the hydrological parameters of porous media because of the dielectric response of earth materials.     

基于GPS观测值研究日本M_W9.0地震震后形变机制

基于GPS观测的震后水平位移对2011年日本MW9.0地震的震后形变特征进行研究。震后近5a(截至2015-12),震后水平位移累积达到东向60~165cm,南向20~65cm,距离震中较远处的G104、G105及J192站点观测到的震后位移累积变化已超过同震位移,且震后形变还在持续。联合震后余滑和粘弹性位错理论模拟震后形变,利用这2种作用机制对震后GPS水平形变进行解释。研究表明,震后余滑在震后形变最初阶段起主要作用,但随着时间增长而逐渐衰减,粘滞性松弛作用的贡献随着时间增长而变大,GPS观测到的震后地表形变可由这2种机制结合得到较合理的解释。利用震后GPS形变模拟估算地震区域的地幔粘滞系数在1.5×1019 Pa·s量级。     

一种快速制备不同含水饱和度岩石试样的方法

岩石的含水饱和度对其力学参数有着较大的影响,针对目前关于制备不同含水饱和度岩样普遍存在着精度低、时间长、岩样含水分布不均匀等问题,根据化学-热力学原理,提出一种快速有效制备不同含水饱和度岩样的方法。该方法通过调节放置有岩样的恒湿负压环境的湿度,从而精确控制岩样最终稳定时组分水的逸度,以致控制岩样最终的含水饱和度。由于恒湿环境中水蒸气的逸度是恒定的,当环境中水蒸气的逸度与岩样中组分水的逸度不同时,外界恒湿环境中的水蒸气与岩样中组分水形成逸度差,当环境中水蒸气逸度小于岩样中组分水的逸度时,岩样中组分水渗出;反之,则水渗入岩样,最终岩样中组分水的逸度达到与外界恒湿环境相同的状态,制得相应含水饱和度的岩样。岩样是放置在负压环境中制备的,在负压环境中岩样孔隙中的空气减少,水蒸气在岩样中的渗透加快,从而缩短了岩样达到稳定的时间。根据气液平衡原理,岩样稳定时,岩样各个部分组分水的逸度相同,因此,制得的岩样含水分布均匀。     

Bianchi type-V cosmological model with perfect fluid using negative constant deceleration parameter in a scalar tensor theory based on Lyra Manifold

An exact Bianchi type-V perfect fluid cosmological model is obtained in a scalar tensor theory proposed by Sen (Z. Phys. 149:311, 1957) based on Lyra Manifold in case of β is a constant and it is shown that this cosmological model exists only in the case of Radiation Universe (ρ=3p) if β is a function of ‘t’ using negative constant deceleration parameter. Some physical and geometrical properties of these models are discussed.     

基于钻井液流变性的涡轮钻具性能预测研究

为探究钻井液流变性变化对涡轮钻具性能的影响,针对Ф89 mm取心涡轮钻具涡轮级进行叶片建模,采用CFX进行不同钻井液性质下的多级涡轮仿真。流场及数值模拟结果表明：随着钻井液粘度增加,涡轮级的转矩呈对数增长、压降增大,效率降低,钻井液在涡轮级的出口速度减小;而钻井液密度的增加增大了其在涡轮定转子中的流速及压降,同时涡轮效率有所提高。结果为优化涡轮叶片的设计提供依据;现场使用涡轮钻具,也应考虑其对钻井液流变性变化的适应能力,及时调整泵压、钻压保证最佳工况。     

压裂液黏度对循环水力压裂影响的试验研究

中国石油大学（北京）石油天然气工程学院,北京 102249