TBM滚刀贯入过程中泥岩破坏特征试验研究

为研究无侧限和有侧限条件下软岩贯入破坏特征,结合声发射检测技术和电镜扫描试验进行泥岩立方体试样常截面滚刀贯入试验,分析试验过程中荷载-贯入度曲线和声发射参数特征,并对岩石渣块断口进行细观电镜扫描,研究了破坏时细观和宏观裂纹形成过程。试验结果表明,（1）无侧限和有侧限贯入试验中荷载-贯入度曲线在跃进荷载处均出现明显峰值,跃进荷载峰值以后无侧限试样完全破坏,有侧限试样尚未完全破坏;（2）当宏观裂纹产生时无侧限试样声发射参数出现明显峰值,主要源于该宏观裂纹在试样内部的扩展。有侧限试样破坏过程中出现多次声发射参数峰值,对应多条宏观裂纹形成和扩展;（3）常截面滚刀贯入过程中试样内部出现微滑动,剪切破坏现象比较明显,可以认为滚刀贯入过程中泥岩破坏模式以剪切破坏为主。     

泡沫吸附等离子体光谱法测定常量金探讨

利用泡沫塑料对地质样品中微量金进行富集,已经是非常成熟的富集方法。常量金经过泡沫塑料吸附后,用硫脲脱附原子吸收测定也是近几年许多实验室常用的方法。而用等离子体光谱仪测定常量金鲜有报道,该方法简单、快捷,通过对国家一级标样的分析试验,对于金含量为0.05~50.00g/t的样品能够满足要求。     

风廓线雷达对折射率结构常数的实测分析

大气折射率结构常数（Cn2）是大气中折射率大小的体现,为了改善风廓线雷达（WPR）数据质量,提高WPR数据业务应用的可靠性,对边界层风廓线雷达近1年的实测数据采用归纳对比的方法,分析得到Cn2与温度湿度变化的关系,并总结出成都地区晴朗天气下,四季Cn2量级的变化范围,与理论推导一致.夏天10-12到10-20,春秋10-13到10-20,冬天10-14到10-21,此外,根据降水量大小不同,Cn2提升3到6个量级,获得这些定量的范围,为相关风廓线雷达产品识别提供了方法和依据.     

Kinetic study of alkaline protease 894 for the hydrolysis of the pearl oyster Pinctada martensii

A new enzyme (alkaline protease 894) obtained from the marine extremophile Flavobacterium yellowsea (YS-80-122) has exhibited strong substrate-binding and catalytic activity, even at low temperature, but the characteristics of the hydrolysis with this enzyme are still unclear. The pearl oyster Pinctada martensii was used in this study as the raw material to illustrate the kinetic properties of protease 894. After investigating the intrinsic relationship between the degree of hydrolysis and several factors, including initial reaction pH, temperature, substrate concentration, enzyme concentration, and hydrolysis time, the kinetics model was established. This study showed that the optimal conditions for the enzymatic hydrolysis were an initial reaction pH of 5.0, temperature of 30°C, substrate concentration of 10% (w/v), enzyme concentration of 2 500 U/g, and hydrolysis time of 160 min. The kinetic characteristics of the protease for the hydrolysis of P. martensii were obtained. The inactivation constant was found to be 15.16/min, and the average relative error between the derived kinetics model and the actual measurement was only 3.04%, which indicated a high degree of fitness. Therefore, this study provides a basis for the investigation of the concrete kinetic characteristics of the new protease, which has potential applications in the food industry.     

On CCGG,the De Donder-Weyl Hamiltonian formulation of canonical gauge gravity

This short paper gives a brief overview of the manifestly covariant canonical gauge gravity (CCGG) that is rooted in the De Donder-Weyl Hamiltonian formulation of relativistic field theories, and the proven methodology of the canonical transformation theory. That framework derives, from a few basic physical and mathematical assumptions, equations describing generic matter and gravity dynamics with the spin connection emerging as a Yang Mills-type gauge field. While the interaction of any matter field with spacetime is fixed just by the transformation property of that field, a concrete gravity ansatz is introduced by the choice of the free (kinetic) gravity Hamiltonian. The key elements of this approach are discussed and its implications for particle dynamics and cosmology are presented. New insights: Anomalous Pauli coupling of spinors to curvature and torsion of spacetime, spacetime with (A)dS ground state, inertia, torsion and geometrical vacuum energy, Zero-energy balance of the Universe leading to a vanishing cosmological constant and torsional dark energy.     

FVCOM模型关键参数的处理及其在涌潮模拟中的应用

通过改进海床阻力系数和设置合适的垂向紊动背景系数,应用FVCOM模型成功再现了钱塘江河口强涌潮的演进过程。海床阻力系数采用Manning公式形式,取值随水深、地形在0.000 2~0.002 9之间变化;垂向紊动背景系数取1×10^-4 m²/s。模拟结果较好地复演了涌潮到达时刻、涌潮高度及涌潮抬升过程、涌潮水平流速以及其沿垂向分布规律,表明阻力系数及垂向紊动背景系数等关键参数的改进和处理是合理的,可应用于涌潮三维潮流运动特征模拟。     

Experimental study of depth-limited open-channel flows over a gravel bed

Laboratory experiments of depth-limited open-channel flows over a gravel bed were conducted in the study.Two gravel patches with identical individual element size and different lengths(3.81 m and 7.5 m)were tested.The depth-limited uniform flow regime with relative submergence S_r(= D/k_s) ranging from2.68 to 5.94 was produced by adjusting the tailgate weir.The velocity profiles were measured by using both an ultra-sound velocity profiler(UVP) and an acoustic Doppler velocimeter(ADV).The conventional methods used to determine the zero-plane displacement and estimate the bed shear velocity were then reviewed and compared.The measured double-averaged(DA) velocity profiles were found to fit well with the log law and defect law with a non-universal Karman constant κ./κ-value remains nearly constant and in the range from 0.2 to 0.3 for the long patch(LP) cases and κ-values are scattered within a wider range from 0.3 to 0.5 for the short patch(SP) cases.While the Br-value in log law remains constant and equal to 8.5 for LP cases,the Br-value was found to decrease with the increase of the dimensionless roughness height k_s~+ for SP cases.The streamwise turbulence intensity distributions were found to be independent on the patch length and agree well with the available experimental data in the intermediate region and wall region.The Manning resistance coefficient and Darcy-Weisbach friction factor were analyzed.The κ-value decreases to 0.22 for the fitting of the logarithmic flow resistance law under small relative submergence.The value of the integration constant Ar in the logarithmic law falls within the normal range between 3.25 and 6.25.     

河套干旱地区夏季边界层结构特征观测分析

利用2013年夏季7月爱尔达K/LLX802J型机动式边界层风廓线雷达获取的三维风场资料和银川站高空气象探测资料,对河套干旱地区夏季边界层日变化特征进行了分析.结果表明:爱尔达K/LLX802J型机动式风廓线雷达能较好的反映并分辨出夏季河套干旱地区边界层内大气湍流和风场的演变过程.夏季7月河套干旱地区边界层高度白天平均为2127.2 m,夜间平均为1760.7 m,白天边界层高度比夜间平均高366.5 m.河套干旱区夏季地表非绝热加热对边界层的影响主要集中在800 m以下,800~2000 m高度边界层则主要受昼夜交替和大尺度天气系统的影响.夏季7月河套干旱地区边界层风速在300 m以下随高度增加而增大,离地500 m以下边界层易在北京时间07:00-11:00和18:00-21:00时段发生风速切变;300 m以下边界层白天盛行西南偏南风、夜间盛行南风,300~2000 m高度边界层白天和夜间均盛行东南风;离地300 m以下边界层易在夜间21:00-23:00时出现风向切变.夏季7月白天河套干旱地区边界层大气垂直速度在300 m高度以下随高度增加而增大,由0.3 m·s^-1增大到0.6 m·s^-1,夜间边界层大气垂直速度在200 m高度以下随高度增大而增大;300 m高度以上边界层大气垂直速度无论昼夜随高度变化均较小.     

三相非饱和土参数对波的传播的影响研究

基于已建立的非饱和土中的波动方程,导出4种体波的波速以及衰减的解析表达式。数值分析了4种体波的波速、衰减与孔隙率以及Lame常数 、 之间的关系。结果表明,随孔隙率的增大,P1波和S波的波速有所提高,P2波和P3波的波速随孔隙率的增大而有所减小;3种P波的衰减有所增大,其中以P3波变化最为显著。P1波、P3波和S波的波速基本上不随Lame常数 变化,P2波的波速随Lame常数 的增大而稍有增大。P2及S波的衰减基本不随Lame常数 变化,P1、P3波的衰减随Lame常数 的增大而有所减小。3种P波的波速基本上不随Lame常数 变化,S波的波速随Lame常数 的增大而有所增大。P2及S波的衰减基本不随Lame常数 变化,P1、P3波的衰减随Lame常数 的增大而有所减小,其中P3波的变化最为显著。     

南海中央海盆扩张期后海山链岩浆活动的热模拟研究

壳幔黏性结构是影响南海中央海盆扩张期后海山链岩浆活动的主要因素,研究其岩浆活动发育机制具有重要的科学意义。利用重、磁、测深及岩样分析数据提供的地壳结构和热力学参数,通过FEM数值模拟,研究了南海中央海盆珍贝-黄岩海山链之下黏性结构与岩浆熔融、运移活动的关系。根据黏性主要受压力和温度控制,但熔融期间的散热及脱水会增加黏性,设计了三种不同的黏性结构模型。计算结果表明：三种垂向黏性结构模型在不同的温度条件下,都可以使地幔熔融区最大熔融程度达到20%~25%。岩浆熔融程度与地幔热结构、熔融潜热和含水量有关,并受扩张速率影响,慢速扩张脊下的岩浆熔融程度相对较低。岩浆运移在扩张期后主要依靠减压熔融浮力,垂直上升至熔融区顶面后沿上倾面向脊轴运移。接近脊轴熔融带,部分熔融程度高,远离轴部熔融带,部分熔融程度较低。主要结论：南海中央海盆海底扩张期,海山链之下10 km深度具备形成拉斑玄武岩浆的条件;扩张期末,该地区25 km深度具备形成碱性玄武岩浆的条件。