石英溶解动力学研究进展

综述了石英在纯水、电解质和有机酸溶液中的溶解动力学实验技术和研究成果，着重阐述了电解质浓度、离子强度、ｐＨ阳离子和有机酸对石英溶解的动力学促进作用，并指出这种催化效应与石英表面负电性络合物的反应性有关。     

泡沫吸附-等离子体光谱法测定常量金探讨

利用泡沫塑料对地质样品中微量金进行富集,已经是非常成熟的富集方法。常量金经过泡沫塑料吸附后,用硫脲脱附原子吸收测定也是近几年许多实验室常用的方法。而用等离子体光谱仪测定常量金鲜有报道,该方法简单、快捷,通过对国家一级标样的分析试验,对于金含量为0．05-50．00g／t的样品能够满足要求。     

交换液酸碱度对OTAC在蒙脱石中吸附及复合物凝胶粘度影响

在蒙脱石有机改性体系中,交换液酸碱度对蒙脱石荷电性以及十八烷基三甲基氯化铵(OTAC)的电离度影响很大,进而影响OTAC在蒙脱石中的吸附以及制备复合物的凝胶粘度。研究发现,在pH=3的强酸性交换体系中,蒙脱石端面可变电荷为正电荷,OTAC阳离子和蒙脱石之间静电斥力的存在不利于OTAC在蒙脱石上的吸附,吸附量和吸附率分别是0.943CEC和85.7%,制备复合物的凝胶粘度最低,分别是μ0min为45.67Pa·s,μ30min为16.52Pa·s;在pH=10的弱碱性交换体系中,由于蒙脱石层面和端面均带有负电荷,静电引力更有利于OTAC阳离子在蒙脱石层间交换及表面吸附,其吸附量和吸附率最高,分别为1.097CEC和99.71%,制备复合物的凝胶粘度也较高,分别是μ0min为95.93Pa·s,μ30min为37.67Pa·s;在强碱性交换体系中,当pH=11和13时,蒙脱石对OTAC的吸附量和吸附率降低明显,吸附量分别为1.08CEC和1.058CEC,吸附率分别降到98.20%和96.18%,对应复合物的μ0min分别为96.52Pa·s和93.52Pa·s,μ30min分别为36.57Pa·s和36.53Pa·s,究其原因由于交换液中OTAC阳离子和高浓度的钠离子在蒙脱石层间和表面存在竞争吸附导致蒙脱石层间钠离子的交换难度加大。     

垃圾土渗透性和持水性的试验研究

通过室内常水头试验测定了垃圾土的饱和渗透系数,通过室内压力板仪试验测得垃圾土的土-水特征曲线。基于土-水特征曲线预测了垃圾土的非饱和渗透系数,并通过室内入渗试验进行了初步验证。常水头试验得到深层、中层和浅层垃圾土的饱和渗透系数分别为3.56×10-4、3.50×10-3、4.81×10-2 cm/s。土-水特征曲线试验表明,垃圾土饱和含水率和残余含水率较高,进气值很小,土-水特征曲线在低基质吸力时存在陡降段,其中浅层垃圾土的陡于深层垃圾。验证试验表明,预测得到的非饱和渗透系数与实测结果接近,基于土-水特征曲线预测垃圾土非饱和渗透系数的方法基本可行。     

低温热液成矿作用中铊有机络合物搬运形式的研究

文章依据等库伦反应外推原理,计算了铊的醋酸(TlAc0)、柠檬酸(TlCit2-)、苹果酸(TlMal-)、草酸(TlOx-)及琥珀酸(TlSuc-)络合物在25～100℃之间的稳定常数。将这些稳定常数输入EQ3/6的DATA0.SUP热力学数据库后,在75℃和100℃温度条件下,对铊的诸物种于低温热液中在不同pH值条件下的分配进行了计算。计算表明,在中性及偏碱性条件下,在75℃还原环境中,自由铊离子(Tl+)所占比例约为55%,TlHS0约占10%,而其余则为铊的有机络合物,并以铊的柠檬酸络合物占绝对优势。在75℃氧化环境中,自由铊离子约占55%,而铊的有机络合物则为45%左右。在100℃还原环境中,自由铊离子所占比例约为20%,TlHS0约占20%,其余则为铊的有机络合物。在100℃氧化环境中,自由铊离子所占比例约为30%,其余则为铊的有机络合物。因而笔者认为,铊的有机络合物,尤其是铊的柠檬酸络合物,在低温热液中对于铊的溶解及搬运起着重要的作用。     

The Baroclinic, Variable Eddy Viscosity Ekman Layer

The WKB method is used in conjunction with the variation of parameters technique to find an approximate analytical solution for Ekman layers with eddy viscosity and horizontal pressure gradient that are each variable with height from the surface. Behaviour of the solution is illustrated by comparing model output when several eddy viscosity and horizontal pressure gradient profiles are used. Cases where the pressure gradient decreases with height accentuate the super-geostrophic peak in the wind velocity profile, with decreasing eddy viscosity with height further enhancing this effect. Increasing pressure gradient with height reduces or eliminates the peak. The model output when using an eddy viscosity that has a low-level peak fits marine boundary-layer data taken during ASTEX better than the classic solution - the model giving greater low-level mixing which is seen in ASTEX data as well as in data from ERICA.     

垦西特稠油化学降粘机理的研究

详细研究了胜利油田垦西特稠油中的胶质、沥青质用降粘剂处理前后的红外特征吸收峰和透射电镜照片的变化。由红外光谱数据和透射电镜分析可知,降粘剂分子借助强的形成氢键的能力和渗透、分散作用进入胶质和沥青质片状分子之间,破坏了胶质、沥青质分子平面重叠的聚集体,使聚集结构变得疏松,表明聚集有序性降低是稠油降粘的主要机理。     

New Approaches in Two-equation Turbulence Modelling for Atmospheric Applications

The turbulence closure in atmospheric boundary-layer modelling utilizing Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations at mesoscale as well as at local scale is lacking today a common approach. The standard kɛ model, although it has been successful for local scale problems especially in neutral conditions, is deficient for mesoscale flows without modifications. The k–ɛ model is re-examined and a new general approach in developing two-equation turbulence models is proposed with the aim of improving their reliability and consequently their range of applicability. This exercise has led to the replacement of the ɛ-transport equation by the transport equation for the turbulence inverse length scale (wavenumber). The present version of the model is restricted to neutrally stratified flows but applicable to both local scale and mesoscale flows. The model capabilities are demonstrated by application to a series of one-dimensional planetary boundary-layer problems and a two-dimensional flow over a square obstacle. For those applications, the present model gave considerably better results than the standard k–ɛ model.