利用GPS速度场估算青藏高原地壳韧性层等效粘滞系数分布的研究

本文将青藏高原及周边区域地壳分为脆性层和韧性层,并假定脆性层地壳近似弹性,韧性层为粘弹性层。利用GPS水平速度场计算了地面应变场,推导了地壳内部作用力在不同点产生应变率之间的关系公式。利用稳态热传导方程估算了地壳内部温度场,利用破裂强度和蠕变强度相等估算了脆性-韧性转换面。并进一步估算了青藏高原地壳不同深度的粘滞系数分布。结果表明,青藏高原及周边区域脆性-韧性转换面一般位于中地壳,深度分布在22~37km之间,地壳较厚的区域转换层也较深;韧性层内粘滞系数分布,在中地壳约为 ,下地壳约为 ,Moho面则降至 。关键词：脆性-韧性转换层 温度场 应变率 等效粘滞系数     

精密测距在奥运场馆建设中的应用

介绍了一种使用全站仪同向观测、利用差值计算,配合垂直方向全站仪定位,精确测定泳池长度的方法,克服了现场无法架设仪器和目标棱镜的困难,减少了投点误差、仪器常数误差的影响,该方法还可以用于检验标准长度和仪器加常数。     

Semi-analytical solution for viscous Stokes flow in two eccentrically nested spheres

Applying the infinite Prandtl number approximation, a semi-analytical solution for computing 2-D axisymmetric viscous Stokes flow in a model consisting of two eccentrically nested spheres of different viscosities is derived. Since numerical codes based on spectral or finite techniques for modelling mantle flow in a spherical geometry in the presence of lateral viscosity variation are becoming more and more popular, reliable examples for testing and validating such codes are extremely useful. The eccentrically nested sphere solution was used to test a numerical algorithm based on a mixed spherical-harmonic finite-element formulation of the Stokes problem, and good agreement was obtained.     

非局部本构的一种改造形式及内尺度分析

在Lagrange运动学描述的基础上,提出了一个普遍意义上的非局部效应本构关系的改造形式,它对每一个经过验证的本构都适用。这样处理既可以利用本构模型的研究成果,又计入了应变梯度对应力的贡献。以截面为单位尺寸正方形、无限长、小变形描述为例,讨论了理想弹塑性柱体内的P波行进特征,分析了梯度项、黏滞阻尼和滞变阻尼等效的材料内部尺寸效应。     

如何应用探地雷达技术检测沥青公路的含水状况

根据平面电磁波在具有不同物理性质的介质分界面发生的反射规律,利用雷达实测信号的幅值信息,实现了公路层介电常数的自动计算。并根据物理模型实验结果,建立了沥青材料含水率与介电常数之间的数学关系模型。利用这二项技术可以实现应用探地雷达技术检测沥青公路的含水状况。     

Physical conditions producing slab stagnation: Constraints of the Clapeyron slope, mantle viscosity, trench retreat, and dip angles

Recent seismic tomography has revealed various morphologies in the subducted lithosphere. In particular, significant flattening and stagnation of slabs around the 660-km boundary are seen in some areas beneath the northwestern Pacific subduction zones. We examined the cause of slab stagnation in terms of the Clapeyron slope of the phase transformation from ringwoodite to perovskite + magnesiowüstite, trench retreat velocity, dip angles, and high viscosity of the lower mantle based on two-dimensional (2-D) numerical simulations of thermal convection. In particular, we examined the conditions necessary for slab stagnation assuming a very small absolute value of the Clapeyron slope, which were proposed based on recent high-pressure, high-temperature (high P–T) experiments. Our calculations show that slabs tend to stagnate above the 660-km boundary with an increasing absolute value of the Clapeyron slope, viscosity jump at the boundary, and trench retreat velocity and a decreasing initial dip angle. Stagnant slabs could be obtained numerically for a realistic range of parameters obtained from high P–T experiments and other geophysical observations combining buoyancy, high lower-mantle viscosity, and trench retreat. We found that a low dip angle of a descending slab at the bottom of the upper mantle plays an important role in slab stagnation. Two main regimes underlie slab stagnation: buoyancy-dominated and viscosity-dominated regimes. In the viscosity-dominated regime, it is possible for slabs to stagnate above the 660-km boundary, even when the value of the Clapeyron slope is 0 MPa/K.     

Determination of Distances to Galaxies of the NGC 1023 Group. The Hubble Constant

On the basis of photographs from the 6 m Large Azimuthal Telescope and the Hubble Space Telescope, VRI photometry of stars in 11 galaxies in the NGC 1023 group has been carried out. The distances to these galaxies were determined by the method of brightest stars. The distances to NGC 925 and NGC 1023 were determined from the position of the top of the red giant branch (the TRGB method). From the calculated average and root-mean-square distances to the NGC 1023 group (10.3 ± 2.2 Mpc and 9.7 ± 0.5 Mpc) the Hubble constant in this direction was determined: H _0R = 75 ± 8 km·sec^-1·Mpc^-1 and H _0M = 81 ± 5 km ·sec^-1·Mpc^-1.