地幔对流环型场的激发(Ⅰ)

讨论了地幔内部的粘滞度及施加在地表和CMB 的边界条件对地幔对流环型场的激发分析表明,当粘滞度侧向均匀时,环型场与极型场自然解耦,且环型场不影响重力位,当粘滞度侧向不均时,环型场与极型场耦合在一起.两者共同影响重力位.当引入板块运动速度时,边界条件非零,也能激发环型场;对侧向均匀粘滞度地幔,零边界条件不能激发环型场     

印度板块北边界地震活动和中国大陆地震

本文研究了印度板块北边界地震活动与我国大陆地震活动的关系，给出了两者在时间起伏上的一致性，以及印度板块北边界兴都库会和缅甸两端点附近中深地震对中国大际强震活动所具有的前兆性和相关性。这些特点，对于中国大陆强震活动的预测，尤其是地震大形势预测是十分有意义的。文中还应用了中国大陆强震孕育发生的计算机模型的研究结果，讨论了强震活动的时空分布特征，对于理解中国大陆作为一个孕震系统在周围地质构造块体动力作用     

岩浆物理性质和流体动力学研究

本文评述了岩浆物理性质和流体动力学应用于火成岩岩石学研究的新进展，并强调了其地质成果。岩浆的密度和粘度是岩浆两个最重要的物理性质，岩浆密度和粘度的变化对岩浆流体动力学习性以及产生火成岩的多样性起了重要作用。岩浆房中的双扩散对流、岩浆房的再充填以及边界作用等是岩浆流体动力学的重要机制，对它们的研究，使人们对火成岩的成因和演化以及地球动力学产生了新的认识。本文还概述了流体动力学机制的主要地质结果，如：地幔对流、成矿作用、带状岩浆房、层状侵入体以及火山岩中的流体动力学等。但直到目前，岩浆流体动力学机制及其应用仍是一个崭新的研究领域。     

新疆测震台站仪器标定常数数据库查询软件

为方便研究人员使用测震台站仪器标定常数,编制了新疆测震台站仪器的标定常数数据库查询软件。该查询软件以Access为数据库环境,用VB编写查询程序设计了用户界面。     

硫酸盐直接辐射强迫的在线与固定转化率模拟方法的对比研究

以2000年1、4、7、10月为例，利用区域气候模式，比较了模拟硫酸盐气溶胶分布和直接辐射强迫的在线模拟方法与固定SO2到硫酸盐转化率方法，并与全球模式的结果进行了对比检验。结果表明：在线模拟得到的主要结果与全球平均结果符合得很好，但固定转化率方法存在明显偏差；两种方法硫酸盐柱含量的差异在-4-12mg／m^2范围内，占在线模拟柱含量的42％以上，7月份差异最显著，1月份差异最小；大气顶辐射强迫差异在-1.8-0．4W／m^2之间，此差别占在线辐射强迫的26％以上；采用36．7％的固定转化率对冬季过大、夏季偏小，只有春秋季的江南部分地区适合。由于固定转化率方法不能反映温度、辐射、水汽、云水等气象要素的季节性变化对硫酸盐生成率的影响，因而对硫酸盐含量和分布的季节变化模拟存在偏差，这是导致上述差异的重要原因。     

球层中的非线性自由热对流变粘度模型

粘度为常数或仅随深度变化是地幔对流模型中常用的假设. 本文在常粘度背景下， 通过假定小扰动粘度在纬向上的变化形式， 将粘度的横向变化引入地幔对流模型中， 并给出了变粘度地幔对流模型的数值解法. 对外边界为刚性、 内边界为应力自由（简记为R-F边界）和内外边界均为刚性（简记为R-R边界）边界的两种模型进行了计算， 对比了不同模型、 深度和瑞利数时的环型场的变化特征. 注意到环型场能量主要集中在球层的中、 上部区域， 其速度仅占总速度的几个百分点， 这个比例几乎不随瑞利数的变化而改变， 但其对流图样受瑞利数的影响较大. 环型场的对流形态和速度的分布特征表现出了明显的纬向差异， 这一结果清晰地反映出地幔粘度的横向变化对对流形态的影响. 目前的工作还只是初步的， 但为我们探讨全球大地构造上的某些现象， 例如南北半球的不对称性和差速旋转问题提供了一种可能的研究思路.      

20th Century sea-level change along the eastern US: Unravelling the contributions from steric changes, Greenland ice sheet mass balance and Late Pleistocene glacial loading

We have considered the influence of ocean temperature and salinity changes, mass changes of the Greenland ice sheet (GIS) and the isostatic response of the solid earth to the most recent glacial cycle on 20th century sea-level change along the US east coast with the intention of better understanding the observed signal as well as determining the potential of the tide gauge data for constraining the recent (past 50–100 yr) mass balance of the GIS and earth viscosity structure. Our results show that the signal due to steric changes is large and displays a complex spatial variation which can account for a significant portion of the observed signal. In contrast, that due to changes in the GIS is relatively small and insensitive to the specific geometry of the mass balance model adopted. As a consequence, the tide gauge data alone are not capable of providing useful constraints on either the magnitude or form of recent GIS mass balance. Our inference of mantle viscosity structure based on the tide gauge data was affected dramatically when the steric effect was accounted for: An earth model with an upper mantle viscosity of 8 × 10¹⁹ Pa s and a lower mantle viscosity of 5 × 10²² Pa s produced the best fit to the steric-corrected data; the optimal fit to the uncorrected data was obtained for upper and lower mantle viscosities of 5 × 10²⁰ Pa s and 10²² Pa s, respectively.     

Phosphate sorption desorption characteristics of some ferruginous soils of tropical region in Eastern India

Phosphate sorption and desorption experiments were conducted with four ferruginous soils (alfisols) of Eastern India, in view of the low native phosphate concentrations in tropical Indian soils. From the P-isotherm curve, standard P requirement (SPR) of the soils was determined. Phosphate sorption data were fitted to both Langmuir and Freundlich equations and mean sorption maximum values obtained for the different soil series were in the decreasing order as Matimahal > Anandapur > Mrigindih > Kashipur. The fraction of added P sorbed followed the same trend as SPR, P sorption maximum (P_max), phosphate affinity constant (K), maximum phosphate buffering capacity (MPBC), Freundlich constant K′ and phosphate desorption values. Phosphate sorption maximum was significantly correlated with MPBC, Freundlich 1/n, SPR, clay and different forms of Fe and Al. The value of K (bonding energy) was significantly correlated with MPBC, Freundlich K′ and pyrophosphate extractable Fe and Al. The MPBC was significantly correlated with Freundlich K′, Freundlich constant 1/n, clay, oxalate and dithionite extractable, amorphous and crystalline form of Fe and Al. Freundlich K′ was significantly correlated with Freundlich 1/n, pH_water, clay, dithionite extractable and crystalline form of Fe and Al. The results suggested that the soils having higher amount of extractable and reactive Fe and Al shared higher P sorbtion capacity and such soils may need higher levels of P application