渤海中部海底恒温层温度及泥温相位随深度变化特征

利用渤海中部两点一年中４个季节泥温观测资料，近似确定两测点海底恒温层泥温分别为１１．０℃和１１．７℃。认国泥温随深度变化可视为一垂向波－泥温波，并利用这一概念分析了泥温相位随深度变化特征，８＾＃，Ａ（Ｂ）平台测点泥温波波长分别为ｌ８＝８ｍ和ｌＡ（Ｂ）＝１０ｍ。研究建议，以０．５ｍ处多年泥温平均值作为海底恒温层温度。     

A second-order particle tracking method

An accurate particle tracking method for a finite difference method model is developed using a constant acceleration method. Being assumed constant temporal and spatial gradients, the new method permits temporal-spatial variability of particle velocity. Test results in a solid rotating flow show that the new method has second-order accuracy. The performance of the new method is compared with that of other methods; the first-order Euler forward method, and the second-order Euler predictorcorrector method. The new method is the most efficient method among the three. It is more accurate and efficient than the other two.     

枪乌贼羽状壳制备壳聚糖的研究

以枪乌贼的骨骼组织羽状壳为原料 ,设计正交实验分析了碱液浓度、温度和时间对壳聚糖脱乙酰度和粘度的影响 ;对枪乌贼羽状壳制备的壳聚糖的性能进行了初步研究。结果表明 ,以羽状壳制备的壳聚糖特点是具有较高的粘度 (3890 m Pa· s) ,颜色为浅黄褐色 ,可免除脱钙脱色环节。在碱液浓度为 4 5 % ,温度为 90℃ ,反应时间为 4 h的条件下 ,可得到较好品质的壳聚糖产品     

近海湍流三维数值模拟中的重整化群模式

利用重整化群理论来确定近海湍流数值模式中的垂向涡动粘性系数，并对冬末春初琼州海峡的潮流场特征进行数值模拟。结果表明，重整化群模式的待定常数少，应用方便可行，其计算结果也比常用的湍流封闭模式的计算结果更加合理。     

Bottom friction and its effects on periodic long wave propagation

A new set of Boussinesq-type equations describing the free surface evolution and the corresponding depth-integrated horizontal velocity is derived with the bottom boundary layer effects included. Inside the boundary layer the eddy viscosity gradient model is employed to characterize Reynolds stresses and the eddy viscosity is further approximated as a linear function of the distance measured from the seafloor. Boundary-layer velocities are coupled with the irrotational velocity in the core region through boundary conditions. The leading order boundary layer effects on wave propagation appear in the depth-integrated continuity equation to account for the velocity deficit inside the boundary layer. This formulation is different from the conventional approach in which a bottom stress term is inserted in the momentum equation. An iterative scheme is developed to solve the new model equations for the free surface elevation, depth-integrated velocity, the bottom stress, the boundary layer thickness and the magnitude of the turbulent eddy viscosity. A numerical example for the evolution of periodic waves propagating in one-dimensional channel is discussed to illustrate the numerical procedure and physics involved. The differences between the conventional approach and the present formulation are discussed in terms of the bottom frictional stress and the free surface profiles.     

海洋湍流模式应用研究

海洋湍流模型研究自二十世纪 70年代中发展至今 ,在海洋动力学研究中 ,特别是关于混合 /层化研究中广泛应用 ,近年来由于认识到湍流对海洋生物过程的重要影响 ,对海洋湍流的客观描述更加关注。文中详细介绍了几个主要海洋动力学模型中的湍流封闭模式 ,如 HAMSOM中的Prandtl混合长模型、Johns模式中的 k-方程模型、POM中的 k- kl模型、水动力学中常用的 k-ε模型等等 ,介绍了海洋湍流模型的应用。对于湍流模型的使用提出针对具体问题选择的原则 ,复杂的并非最优的。     

KCl+KHCO_3水溶液中氯化钾的平均活度系数和KHCO_3~0的缔合常数

用钾离子选择电极和银—氯化银电极构成的无液界电池测量了KCl+KHCO_3混合水溶液中KCl的平均活度系数,发现其活度系数的对数与混合溶液中KHCO_3的浓度m_2服从哈奈特关系式。用最小二乘法计算机处理求得了各离子强度条件下相应的哈奈特系数。还用适用于混合电解质溶液的皮茨公式计算了该体系电解质的平均活度系数和溶液的超额自由能,计算出活度系数与实验值之间的平均标准偏差为±0.006。溶液的超额自由能随溶液组成变化表明,对于有相同阳离子(K~+)的该混合溶液中离子间短程作用力主要受Cl~-作用的影响。用累代逼近法用微机计算,求得了KHCO_3~0的化学计量缔合常数经验公式及其热力学缔合常数。     

海绵铁对活性艳红K-2BP废水的脱色动力学研究

为了开发新型的脱色填料,进行海绵铁对活性艳红K-2BP的脱色动力学研究。试验结果表明,海绵铁对活性艳红K-2BP具有较高的脱色率,在10min,30min和60min脱色率分别为58.78%,85.2%和93.89%。在海绵铁表面衰减分析的基础上,建立了脱色动力学模型,并研究了pH值、温度、粒径和投加量对反应速度常数K和表面衰减系数Ka的影响。     

南海暖水形态特征

利用Levitus资料 ,分析了南海各月某些标准层上的海温水平分布、南北向温度断面垂直分布 ,阐述了南海暖水水平和断面温度分布的阶段性特征 ,给出了南海暖水中心点 ( 1 1 3°E ,8°N)海温垂直结构特征。使用 3次自然样条函数 ,将格点资料插值到每米的深度上 ,求出各格点 2 8℃海温的深度 ,得出各月 2 8℃等温包络面。结果表明 :4～ 1 1月份 2 8℃等温包络面呈现大小不等和深浅不同的盆状 ,其各月的变化形象化地表示了暖水的演变过程。分析南海暖水中心点各标准层温度的季节变化表明 :30m以上海水温度季节变化基本一致 ,冬季 1月最低 ,春季 5月最高 ,次高出现在 1 0月份 ;50m海水温度最低值延至 3月份 ,最高在 7月份 ,次高也在 1 0月份。 2 8℃等温包络面所包体积的季节变化是一个较为规则的单峰型     

Turbulent momentum and salt transport in the mixing zone of the Elbe estuary

Measurements in the mixing zone of the Elbe estuary were performed during three consecutive tidal cycles with three types of instruments—a moored tripod with velocity and temperature/conductivity/light attenuation sensors, a profiling sonde with similar sensors lowered from an anchored vessel, and instrumented moorings. Acoustic-travel-time sensors were used for velocity measurements.Spectral analysis of 12·8 min pieces of the obtained time series gives results that are consistent with isotropic turbulence for part of the frequency space. Temporal changes of turbulent kinetic energy are correlated with tidal current velocity. A retardation is found between changes in tidal current and turbulent energy. Not all shear stress terms are in similar phase with tidal flow. Mean gradients, Reynolds stress terms, and turbulent salt flux terms are combined to determine eddy viscosity and eddy diffusion coefficients.