2007年宁洱6.4级地震余震序列尾波QC值研究

基于Aki和Chouet的地方震尾波单次散射模型,利用思茅台记录到的2007年云南宁洱6.4地震余震的数字化波形观测资料,测量了震源区尾波Qc(f)值。当中心频率为1.5Hz时,宁洱地区的尾波Qc值在51～147之间,平均值为79,尾波的振幅衰减率βc(f)在0.014～0.039之间,平均值为0.028;测量得到该地区尾波Qc值与频率f的关系为Qc(f)=53f0.88;尾波波源因子与震级成正比关系,满足关系lgA0=1.51ML-0.94;测量结果显示宁洱地震余震序列的尾波值Qc较低,表明宁洱震源区属于构造运动较为活跃区。     

用H/V谱比法计算云南区域数字地震台站的场地响应

用H/V谱比法,计算给出了云南区域数字地震台网23个子台S波随频率变化的台站场地响应特征。结果表明:在1～10Hz频段内,23个子台S波的场地响应相对较平坦,在1.41～2.91之间变化,平均2.08;在大于10Hz的高频段,部分台站的场地响应有较明显的放大。     

我国土地整理模式的分类研究

通过探讨土地整理过程中各要素的组合规律,并依此进行模式的划分,可以为政府的土地整理决策提供技术支持,为完善国家的土地整理技术规程和制定相关政策奠定科学基础.在分析土地整理模式内涵与特征的基础上,应用层次指标分类法,分别采用土地整理地域特征指标、待整理土地利用类型指标、土地整理目标指标和土地整理运作方式指标对土地整理模式进行了划分,并依此对我国的土地整理模式进行了分类.     

山东地区多台波速比研究

文中从多台计算波速比方法的原理入手,对不同公式计算的波速比差异进行了深入分析,认为在原理一致的条件下,波速比差异主要与拟合过程中自变量的选取及2组数据的相关系数有关。利用2002年1月至2005年7月山东省境内及江苏省北部共52个数字及模拟台站的地方震P波和S波到时资料,选取有4个以上记录台站的地震。整个研究区域的平均波速比为1.716,反映了这个地区的波速比相对于华北其他地区偏高。将研究区域划分为1°×2°的单元,并剔除距离震中过远的台站,以保证区域特征能得到反映。通过对比不同单元的平均波速比发现,34°~37°,115°~119°的平均波速比明显高于其他单元,而它们正好分布在郯庐断裂的两侧,应该与该地区上地壳的岩石性质及震源深度分布范围较宽导致的平均效应有关     

九江-瑞昌主-余震的波速比变化初探

根据流动台网对九江-瑞昌地震序列的定位结果,采用单台波速比方法,计算各流动台的波速比变化,得出以下结果:①各台波速比存在一定幅度的变化,但变化形态不一致,这可能与震源区应力调整有关:九江台和武蛟台的波速比在2006年4月下中旬至6月中旬这段时间较明显处于低值区间,相应的主余震的M-T图显示余震活动在该段时间内强度和频度有较明显的增强.②沿以武蛟和狮子洞两台连线的NW走向的波速比最小,结合主-余震北西向较优势分布和震源机制解的其中一组NW向节面,推断北西向断裂可能是九江-瑞昌5.7级主震的发震构造.     

中国地震台网各类前兆手段地震监测能力的评价

利用1988～2005年18年间全国会商会所提出的各类定点前兆异常,研究其与下一年(1989～2006年)大陆地震的对应关系,从414次地震资料的统计中得出,除地下水位和地磁外,其它5种前兆观测手段在有震区的异常比均低于无震区或全大陆的异常比,但各手段综合异常比在有震区要高于无震区。遵照"地震监测能力好的前兆手段,在其监测范围内,有震时应有较高的异常比,无震时应有较低的异常比"的原则,我们认为地磁和地下水位是比较好的前兆观测方法。     

The penetration experiment to predict liquefaction resistance of reclaimed soils

The liquefaction resistance of the soils used to be estimated through the in situ tests, such as standard penetration test and cone penetration test; or by means of cyclic triaxial test in laboratory. However, both in situ tests and cyclic triaxial test are time-consuming and costly; this study introduces a quick and cost-effective method to evaluate the liquefaction resistance of soils under certain confining pressure in laboratory. A particular device modified from the conventional triaxial compression test apparatus, namely “Triaxial Cone Penetration Test”, was developed to obtain the peak values of cone resistance in soils so as to correlate the liquefaction resistance of the reclaimed soils evaluated by cyclic triaxial tests. The test result indicates a good correlation between the peak value of cone resistance and the corresponding cyclic stress ratio (CSR) at the state of initial liquefaction, in which the correlation for loose samples is better than that for dense samples. Besides, both peak values of cone resistance and corresponding CSR increase with fine content of soils reaches 10% and decreased with fine content varying between 10% and 50%. By examining the compositions of the soils with scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, it is found that the proportion and characteristics of the fines plays an important role on the liquefaction resistance of the reclaimed soils.     

The impact of overfishing and El Niño on the condition factor and reproductive success of Peruvian hake, Merluccius gayi peruanus

In this study we examine physiological responses of Peruvian hake (Merluccius gayi peruanus) to changes in their population structure and physical environment during the period 1971–2004. In particular, we assess the relative investment of energy in growth and/or reproduction of small (20–35 cm) and large (35–50 cm) hake. We calculated the (i) condition (Fulton’s K), (ii) gonad and (iii) gut fullness indices for 42,761 female hakes sampled from commercial landings; these indices indicate fish somatic, reproductive and feeding condition, respectively. Using Generalized Additive Models we then examined potential relationships between these indices and sea surface temperature anomalies and date. Drastic energy exhaustion and a decrease in female hake fecundity were observed during El Niño events. The long-term trend showed a general increase in condition factor and a decrease in gonad index for large hake between 1971 and 2004. Small hake exhibited a different trend with an increase in reproductive activity, which was accompanied by an earlier maturation. We hypothesise that the observed low investment of energy in reproduction by large female hake might be related to the lack of large males, due to a sex-selective fishery and the impact of El Niño. We suggest that fishing diminished hake reproductive capacity, modified the sex ratio in favour of females and increased population vulnerability to environmental stress, in particular to the El Niño. The impact of multidecadal variability and predators like the squid, Dosidicus gigas, remain unresolved until longer time series become available.     

投喂四种饵料对曼氏无针乌贼(Sepiella maindroni)繁殖性能的影响

以双齿围沙蚕、泥鳅、黄鲫、福寿螺4种不同饵料强化培育胴长(6.50±0.20)cm的曼氏无针乌贼,用曼氏无针乌贼肝脏和卵巢的氨基酸与脂肪酸变化、亲体产卵量、卵径、卵子孵化率及其幼体成活率等指标来评价4种饵料对其繁殖性能的影响.结果表明,黄鲫组曼氏无针乌贼肝脏与卵巢中∑EAA、∑SEAA、∑EAA+SEAA、∑NEAA、∑AA含量在第一次卵巢成熟与第二次卵巢成熟时均显著高于其它投喂组(P＜0.05).黄鲫组乌贼肝脏DHA/EPA在第一次卵巢成熟时显著高于其它投喂组,在第二次卵巢成熟时DHA、DHA/EPA、∑n3PUFA、∑n6PUFA、∑n3/n6PUFA都显著高于其它投喂组(P＜0.05);该组乌贼第一次卵巢成熟卵巢DHA、∑n3PUFA、∑n6PUFA、∑n3/n6PUFA及在第二次卵巢成熟时卵巢DHA、DHA/EPA、∑n3PUFA、∑n3/n6PUFA均显著高于其它投喂组(P＜0.05),该组第二次卵巢成熟时∑n6PUFA百分含量与沙蚕组无显著差异(P＞0.05).产卵量多少顺序为黄鲫组＞沙蚕组＞泥鳅组＞福寿螺组(P＜0.05);孵化率高低顺序为黄鲫组＞福寿螺组＞泥鳅组＞沙蚕组(P＜0.05);所产卵子平均直径大小顺序为黄鲫组＞泥鳅组＞沙蚕组＞福寿螺组(P＜0.05);幼体成活率高低顺序为黄鲫组＞泥鳅组＞沙蚕组、福寿螺组(P＜0.05).各指标吻合程度高.     

Appraisal of gas-hydrate/free-gas from VP/VS ratio in the Makran accretionary prism

Existence of gas-hydrate in the marine sediments elevates both the P- and S-wave seismic velocities, whereas even a small amount of underlying free-gas decreases the P-wave velocity considerably and the S-wave velocity remains almost unaffected. Study of both P- and S-wave seismic velocities or their ratio (V_P/V_S) for the hydrate-bearing sediment provides more information than that obtained by the P- or S-wave velocity alone for the quantitative assessment of gas-hydrate. We estimate the P- and S-wave seismic velocities across a BSR (interface between gas-hydrate and free-gas bearing sediments) using the travel time inversion followed by a constrained AVA modeling of multi channel seismic (MCS) data at two locations in the Makran accretionary prism. Using this V_P/V_S ratio, we then quantify the amount of gas-hydrate and free-gas based on two rock-physics models. The result shows an estimate of 12–14.5% gas-hydrate and 4.5–5.5% free-gas of the pore volume based on first model, and 13–20% gas-hydrate and 3–3.5% free-gas of the pore volume based on the second model, respectively.