阶变折射率轴棱锥产生局域空心光束

提出利用折射率成阶跃性变化的轴棱锥产生局域空心光束(bottle beam).讨论了折射率沿径向成阶跃式减小或增加两种模型,从几何光学角度分析了它们产生bottle beam的原理,利用衍射积分理论数值模拟两种轴棱锥光传输的光场分布和不同距离处的二维光斑图,研究结果表明折射率沿径向阶跃减小的轴棱锥产生单个bottle beam,而折射率沿径向阶跃增加的轴棱锥产生具有周期再现的bottle beams.bottle beam在原子引导和囚禁、光学俘获及光镊等方面有广泛的应用, 因此本文的研究对bottle     

Improvement of the axial trapping effect using azimuthally polarised trapping beam

A dual optical tweezers system, which consists of a doughnut mode optical tweezer (DMOT) with the azimuthally polarised trapping beam and a solid mode optical tweezer (SMOT) with the Gauss trapping beam was constructed to compare the axial trapping effect of DMOT and SMOT. The long-distance axial trapping of ST68 microbubbles (MBs) achieved by DMOT was more stable than that of SMOT. Moreover the axial trapping force measured using the viscous drag method, was depended on the diameter of the particle, the laser power, and the numerical aperture (NA) of the objective lens. The measurement of the axial trapping force and the acquisition of CCD images of trapping effect confirmed that the DMOT showed excellent axial trapping ability than SMOT. A simple and effective method is developed to improve axial trapping effect using the azimuthally polarized beam as trapping beam. This is helpful for the long-distance manipulating of particles especially polarised biological objects in axial direction.     

摄动理论在腐蚀管线随机地震反应分析中的应用

埋地管线的腐蚀情况十分复杂,具有随机性的特点,从而导致其在地震激励下的反应必然具有随机性。本文在管线腐蚀离散状态模型和弹性地基梁原理的基础上,利用随机摄动理论推导给出了腐蚀管线在地震激励下位移和应力的解析表达式,并进行了均值和标准差的计算。实例分析中将该方法计算结果与Monte Carlo模拟方法计算结果进行了对比。结果表明,利用随机摄动方法可以快速、精确地求得腐蚀管线的随机地震反应。     

Experimental study on the effect of bottomless structure in front of a bottom outlet on a sediment flushing cone

One of the main problems in reservoirs is sedimentation which reduces the operating life of dams if a proper plan and analysis method are not in place.The techniques to manage sediment in reservoirs include several sustainable management techniques that route sediment through or around the reservoir.One of the main economical methods in arid and semi-arid regions is pressurized flushing using moderate drawdown of the water level of the reservoir to evacuate sediment deposited behind dams.In the current study,the effect of a new structure called a dendritic bottomless extended(DBE)outlet structure at three angles of 30°,45°,and 60°
on pressurized flushing efficiency was investigated.Consequently,45 experiments were designed for three discharge rates (Qo),three sediment levels(Hs),four types of structure,and a no-structure condition(reference test).The results indicated that the DBE structure with a 30°angle between the branches,a sedimentary dimensionless index of Hs/Do=4.59,and a flow dimensionless index of Qo=/√gD05=1:43(where g is the acceleration of gravity and Do is the diameter of the bottom outlet)lead to 10-fold increase in the sediment flushing cone dimensions and sediment removal efficiency compared to the results of the reference test.Finally,according to a statistical analysis of the results,a dimensionless equation for calculating the sediment flushing cone dimensions was developed for the tested sediment characteristics.     

Analytical solutions for Euler–Bernoulli beam on visco‐elastic foundation subjected to moving load

Analytical solutions for the steady‐state response of an infinite beam resting on a visco‐elastic foundation and subjected to a concentrated load moving with a constant velocity are developed in this paper. The beam responses investigated are deflection, bending moment, shear force and contact pressure. The mechanical resistance of the foundation is modeled using two parameters k_s and t_s — k_s accounts for soil resistance due to compressive strains in the soil and t_s accounts for the resistance due to shear strains. Since this model represents the ground behavior more accurately than the Winkler spring model, the developed solutions produce beam responses that are closer to reality than those obtained using the existing solutions for Winkler model. The dynamic beam responses depend on the damping present in the system and on the velocity of the moving load. Based on the study, dynamic amplification curves are developed for beam deflection. Such amplification curves for deflection, bending moment, shear force and contact pressure can be developed for any beam‐foundation system and can be used in design. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

磁性下界面的正则化反演方法

根据磁异常反演磁性介质下界面,属于非线性问题,一般很难直接求解.本文采用将非线性问题线性化措施,建立起线性离散磁模型,然后应用线性规划的正则算法,设计了迭代求解方案.该方法不要求已知界面起伏的平均深度,只要求假定界面是连续的及磁性沿横向变化.算法便于对解施行物理约束,具有收敛快,精度高的特点.     

地球弓激波前的低频磁流体波

一、引言 在地球弓激波前存在着低频磁流体波。这种低频磁流体波是太阳风在地球弓激波上的反射粒子和太阳风粒子之间相互作用产生的。根据人造卫星的观测资料可以得到,在地球弓激波前,Pc3-4脉动频率范围内的低频磁流体波的主频率和行星际磁场强度     

孔隙水压力圆锥静力触探及其发展现状

介绍孔隙水压力圆锥静力触探这门新技术,着重评述近年来在探头优化设计方面的进展,以及在划分地层和鉴别土类、估计土的超固结比和固结系数方面应用的最新研究成果。