多粒度时空对象关联关系基本问题初探

多粒度时空对象关联关系描述现实世界客观实体之间存在的各种关系及其相互影响,是对实体间关联、作用关系的表达,按照其描述主体的不同主要分为时间关联关系、空间关联关系、属性关联关系和综合关联关系。本文从全空间信息系统的背景出发,对多粒度时空对象关联关系的基本概念进行了阐述,明确了其形式化表达方式和分类。在此基础上,对关联关系的构建和管理进行阐述和分析,说明了静态构建方式和动态构建方式的适用场景。关联关系通过约束作用和行为传导机制来维持数据世界的一致性和联动,本文最后对关联关系的约束类型及其定义和关系-行为传导机制进行了简要说明。     

用BP网络求解土体的导热系数

以人工神经网络为基本工具,利用其强大的非线性映射能力,综合考虑土体的物理性质指标对其导热性能的影响,为求解土体的工程参数提供了一条新的途径。结果表明,ＢＰ网络能够充分体现土体物理指标之间的非线性关系和隐含关系,具有较高的求解能力,所求出的土体的导热系数与实测值接近,其精度远高于线性回归,且简单实用。     

Mass and Energy Transportation in Ore-Forming Processes of Sulfide Deposits in Tongling District

Therewassomeabnormalthermaldistrictsduetomag-maticintrusionintotheearthcrust.Thisleadedtocircularf1owoffluidsinornearmagmalocation.Theeventofmagmaintrusioneffectstohydrothermalore-formingprocessesin-cluding(1)thefluidsandore-formingmaterialsfrommagma,(2)thethermalenergyfrommagma.Thethermalenergyre-sultsincircularflowoffluidsinporespaceofwallrockorincrystallizedplutonornearwallrock(r5Okmfromthecenterofpluton)(NortonandCathles1979).Materialandenergyaretwobasicfactorsforhydrohermalore-formingpr…     

On the determination of paleoheat-flux using data on end-point state of thermal indicators

The analysis of short-time heat-flux imulse recovery using thermal indicators data in the end-point state is presented. The solution of problem discussed is feasible if the heat-conduction equation incorporates heat-flux spatial variation. The results of computational experiments confirm the feasibility of short-time heat-flux impulse retrieval.     

东海西北部中层冷水垂直热结构数值预报方法研究Ⅰ.一维数值预报模式

文中,以水温垂直剖面的自模性将其由T-Z分布变为θ-η剖面为基础,在考虑海面加热,忽略热平流效应和来自海底的热通量情况下,将海洋分为4层,并在各层内利用其自模函数的积分趋于常量的特性,对引入自模函数的热传导方程进行推导运算,导出描述含中层冷水垂直热结构7个特征量的闭合方程组.当解得这些特征量之后,代入含有自模函数的温度表达式,即获得预报的整个水温剖面.为了检验模式的功能,我们利用东海西北部海域中27个测站,以5月5日和5月10日实测的特征量作为初值,分别试报了5月10日和5月15日的特征量及水温剖面.试报的结果表明:试报特征值和温度剖面与其实测值之间的平均绝对误差,特征温度小于或等于0.23℃,特征深度小于或等于1.18m,而水温剖面小于或等于0.20℃.由此可见,试报的效果是令人满意的.     

土壤水分的垂直运动对黄土高原糜田土壤温度的影响

利用2005年8月21—23日黄土高原塬区地表过程野外试验加密观测土壤温度数据,通过耦合热传导对流方法计算得到糜田0.05～0.1 m浅薄土壤层的热扩散率为2.950×10^-7～3.015×10^-7m^2.s^-1,液态水通量密度为1.738×10^-6～2.197×10^-6m^3.s^-1.m^-2。在此基础之上,利用耦合热传导对流方程和传统热传导方法对土壤温度进行模拟,结果表明：由于传统热传导方法没有考虑土壤水分的垂直运动,模拟振幅偏大0.4 K、位相后移0.140 7 rad,与观测值的协方差分别为2.99、2.14;耦合热传导对流方法模拟振幅与观测值的协方差为2.13,模拟结果较理想。     

Periodic heat conduction in a non-uniform soil

The one dimensional heat conduction equation is applied to a non-uniform soil in which harmonic boundary conditions are specified. The analytic solutions are derived for practical use and satisfy a law that the thermal diffusivity is proportional to the square of the speed of the temperature wave. Depending on the nature of this speed the solutions may be categorized as circular, parabolic, hyperbolic, or exponential. A practical example is given in which the damping depth and thermal capacity of the soil both vary with depth. It shows that there may be considerable differences between uniform and nonuniform soils as far as temperature is concerned. A case of a slowly varying soil layer is also examined and is compared with the constant soil solution.     

基于Levenberg-Marquardt算法的填埋场中降解产热参数反演研究

填埋场中垃圾降解产热参数是研究填埋场温度变化及热资源利用的基础。基于室内试验得到的峰值产热模型、填埋场中热传导理论以及Levenberg-Marquardt(LM)算法,提出了填埋场中降解产热参数的反演分析方法。结合填埋场实际工况,建立了填埋场热传导一维模型并得到了温度的解析解。基于某一深度的温度数据,采用LM算法反演得到了填埋场的降解产热参数,采用反演得到的降解产热参数可以计算填埋场任意深度的温度。基于产热参数可以计算得到填埋场的峰值产热速率、峰值产热时间和总产热量。以中国无锡桃花山填埋场和美国密歇根填埋场为例,分别反演得到了降解产热参数,采用反演得到的降解产热参数计算反演点之外测点的温度并与实测值进行对比,验证了反演模型的合理性和适用性。对比发现,与实际填埋场相比,室内试验的降解产热峰值更大,且峰值时间更短。与密歇根填埋场相比,无锡桃花山填埋场的前期产热速率更大,到达降解产热峰值的时间更短。     

Response of drip water temperature to climate variability: a case study in Xiaoyan Cave,southwest China

Detailed monitoring of surface atmospheric and subterranean microclimatic conditions has provided a new opportunity to interpret drip water temperature changes associated with climate variability. High-resolution multi-index monitoring was conducted in Xiaoyan Cave, Guilin, southwest China, for a period of four years (2011–2014) to identify the processes that control drip water temperature. The results show that variations in drip water temperature are mainly coupled to changes in the cave air temperature unless large drip discharge occurs. The controls on cave air temperature depend on the ventilation modes that eventually affect drip water. The multiple thermal mechanisms are winter ventilation, heat conduction in summer and water flow-induced convection derived from subsurface water percolation into the cave due to fast preferential flow during heavy rain events. Drip water response to extreme temperature anomalies is shown to be sensitive to outside climate.