中下地壳高导层成因研究综述

大地电磁测量结果揭示中下地壳较普遍存在高导层。迄今对高导层的成因解释已有多种假说。本文总结了这一领域近十几年来的大量研究成果，对可能的高导机制，特别是含水流体假说、粒间相互连通的碳薄膜假说及剪切带说等进行了评述，并指出不存在全球性的普遍适用的模式。     

Characteristics of Temperature Distribution and Control factors in Geothermal Field

In recent years, China has carried out large‐scale exploration, exploitation and utilization of geothermal resources, but there is no unified understanding of the distribution characteristics of geothermal field and the controlling factors of forming geothermal field. As for the heat source, some scholars think it is the contribution of radioactivity, fault, magma chamber, or an abnormal heat source, and even the heat generated by the influence of the tectonic movement. As a result, many exemplary geothermal explorations have made great mistakes. After drilling at a depth of 3000‐5000m, the temperature obtained is not as good as the common low‐temperature sedimentary basin, and the losses are huge and extremely uneconomical.     

江苏交通可达性与区域经济发展水平关系测度——基于空间计量视角

交通基础设施建设与区域经济发展关系研究是交通地理学关注的焦点,但现有研究对于两者的内在关系仍存较多争议。鉴于此,将可达性不同概念纳入空间计量模型,构建包含可达性与经济变化的二阶空间滞后模型,试图从空间计量视角探讨可达性变动与区域经济发展的联系。研究显示：交通建设扩大了长江南北可达性的绝对差距,增强了长三角江苏部分城镇间的凝聚力,使苏中地区顺利融入长三角;在江苏“十一五”期间,交通建设并没有促进经济发达城镇带动周边城镇发展,但是交通建设改善了城镇发展环境,对经济持续发展有积极的作用;在加强交通基础设施建设中,应注意交通建设对经济发展的结构性效益。     

水合物钻井液微观结构热传导分形模型研究

[摘 要] 在水合物勘探开发过程中,钻井液除常规作用外,还必须具有抑制水合物分解与再生成 的作用。钻井液的这些宏观作用由其内部微观结构所决定,而水合物的分解和生成与介质的传热过程 有关。由于钻井液微观结构与多孔介质相似,故其传热过程也相似。利用多孔介质的性质及其传热理 论,系统分析了水合物钻井液微观结构与多孔介质的异同,探讨了水合物在钻井液中的分解特性。接着 阐述了分形理论,对钻井液微观结构的传热分形模型进行了研究。最后得出钻井液中水合物分解的传 热过程,建立了钻井液微观结构的一维热传导分形模型,并得出有效导热系数的分形表达式。     

Mineralogy,Mössbauer spectra and electrical conductivity of triphylite Li(Fe<Superscript>2+</Superscript>,Mn<Superscript>2+</Superscript>) PO<Subscript>4</Subscript>

The electrical conductivity of monocrystalline triphylite, Li(Fe²⁺,Mn²⁺)PO₄, with the orthorhombic olivine-type structure was measured parallel (∥) to the [010] direction and ∥ [001] (space group Pnma), between ～400 and ～700 K. Electrical measurements on triphylite are of technological interest because LiFePO₄ is a promising electrode material for rechargeable Li batteries. Triphylite was examined by electron microprobe, ICP atomic emission spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy and microscopic analysis. The DC conductivity σ_DC was determined from AC impedance data (20 Hz–1 MHz) extrapolating to zero frequency. Triphylite shows σ_DC with activated behavior measured ∥ [010] between ～500 and ～700 K during the first heating up, with activation energy of E _A = 1.52 eV; on cooling E _A = 0.61 eV was found down to ～400 K and extrapolated σ_DC (295 K) ～10^?9 Ω^?1cm^?1; ∥ [001] E _A = 0.65 eV and extrapolated σ_DC(295 K) ～10^?9 to 10^?10 Ω^?1cm^?1, measured during the second heating cycle. The enhanced AC conductivity relative to σ_DC at lower temperatures indicates a hopping-type charge transport between localized levels. Conduction during the first heating up is ascribed to ionic Li⁺ hopping. DC polarization experiments showed conduction after the first heating up to be electronic related to lowered activation energy. Electronic conduction appears to be coupled with the presence of Li⁺ vacancies and Fe³⁺, formed by triphylite alteration. For comparison, σ_DC was measured on the synthetic compound LiMgPO₄ with olivine-type structure, where also an activated behavior of σ_DC with E _A ～1.45 eV was observed during heating and cooling due to ionic Li⁺ conduction; here no oxidation can occur associated with formation of trivalent cations.     

On the determination of paleoheat-flux using data on end-point state of thermal indicators

The analysis of short-time heat-flux imulse recovery using thermal indicators data in the end-point state is presented. The solution of problem discussed is feasible if the heat-conduction equation incorporates heat-flux spatial variation. The results of computational experiments confirm the feasibility of short-time heat-flux impulse retrieval.     

基于Levenberg-Marquardt算法的填埋场中降解产热参数反演研究

填埋场中垃圾降解产热参数是研究填埋场温度变化及热资源利用的基础。基于室内试验得到的峰值产热模型、填埋场中热传导理论以及Levenberg-Marquardt(LM)算法,提出了填埋场中降解产热参数的反演分析方法。结合填埋场实际工况,建立了填埋场热传导一维模型并得到了温度的解析解。基于某一深度的温度数据,采用LM算法反演得到了填埋场的降解产热参数,采用反演得到的降解产热参数可以计算填埋场任意深度的温度。基于产热参数可以计算得到填埋场的峰值产热速率、峰值产热时间和总产热量。以中国无锡桃花山填埋场和美国密歇根填埋场为例,分别反演得到了降解产热参数,采用反演得到的降解产热参数计算反演点之外测点的温度并与实测值进行对比,验证了反演模型的合理性和适用性。对比发现,与实际填埋场相比,室内试验的降解产热峰值更大,且峰值时间更短。与密歇根填埋场相比,无锡桃花山填埋场的前期产热速率更大,到达降解产热峰值的时间更短。     

致灾营力当量定律及其应用

通过重力滑块模型和已发灾害规律研究,总结发现了致灾营力当量定律,揭示了降雨引发的地质灾害发灾规律,明确表达了灾害发生时内致灾营力当量与降雨致灾营力当量值的需求关系。该定律成功应用于内外致灾营力当量的归一化处理,为地质灾害气象预报预警级别划分找到了理论依据。