Oxidation Experiment of Natural Megacrystal Clinopyroxene: Implications for Assignment of Mössbauer Spectra

The Mössbauer spectra of natural megacrystal clinopyroxene are usually fitted by 4 sets of symmetric doublets, A‐A', B‐B', C‐C' and D‐D', respectively, in terms of increasing Qs value in literature. But the assignments of those doublets are quite different, except the D‐D' doublet assigned to Fe³⁺at the lattice site M***1 in previous papers. Particularly, the assignment and interpretation of the C‐C' doublet are diverse. The oxidation experiments of natural megacrystal clinopyroxene collected from the Hannuoba basalt, North China, were performed under controlled conditions of temperature at 1000°C and oxygen fugacity of FMQ buffer in 1, 2, ***3 and 5 days respectively. The oxidized samples were then measured by X‐ray diffraction spectrometry and Mössbauer spectrometry. The oxidation of clinopyroxene is characterized by Fe²⁺ → Fe³⁺at M1 under the subsolidus conditions, which is consistent with the increase of the area of the D‐D' doublet when the heating time increases. Accordingly, the area of the A‐A' and B‐B' doublets decreases with the increasing heating time. However, the area of C‐C' keeps almost constant. Therefore, the 4 sets of doublets can be assigned correctly as follows: A‐A' doublet to Fe⁺²at M1, B‐B' Fe²⁺at M1, C‐C' Fe²⁺at M2, and D‐D' Fe³⁺at M1. The M1 site splitting is due to the NNN (Next Nearest Neighbour) effect of the M2 site. The amount of Fe³⁺at the tetrohedral site of megacrystal clinopyroxene is negligible according to this study.     

我国草原下垫面低层大气湍流结构

利用超声风速仪资料分析了科尔沁草原下垫面低层大气的湍流谱结构，无量纲化湍流速度分量及温度脉动的标准偏差，和湍流通量与稳定度参数的关系。结果表明，草原下垫面低层大气湍流速度谱，在较宽的稳定度范围内， 符合Kolmogorov 相似理论，在惯性副区接近局地各向同性，无量纲化湍流速度分量及温度脉动的标准偏差服从A(1-Bζ)1/3和A(-ζ)-1/3规律， 湍流热通量与稳定度参数ζ存在较好的相关性。     

最大熵谱法在华北地震活动幕式结构分析中的应用

应用定性和定量相结合的方法对华北地区第三、第四活动期Ｍ３≥６地震进行幕式结构分析，发现两个活动期的时间进程、应变释放的图象方面比较相似，由此推断第四活动期应变能大释放阶段已过、目前处于调整阶段。估计第四活动期可能持续到２０２０年前后。     

1945－1995地磁场功率谱及其长期变化

本文根据最新修正的国际地磁参考场模型，研究了１９４５－１９９５地磁场中心偶极矩变化，地磁总场及其分量Ｘ、Ｙ、Ｚ的空间功率谱，地磁场长期变化谱的经向漂移和纬向漂移的功率谱和西向漂移速度。研究中发现最近５０年偶极矩仍在继续衰减，空间功率谱的变化也呈减小趋势。在经向谱的漂移中观察到１９７０年出现最小值，而在纬向漂移变化中１９７０年出现最大值，西向漂移速度的变化也在１９７０年出现最大值，这种现象正是１９７０年发生的地磁长期变化的突变，称作地磁＂Ｊｅｒｋ＂。     

频谱特性优良的高阶标定脉冲

通过理论分析研究和计算机搜寻得到几种频谱特性优良的高价标定脉冲波形，将其与我国台网广泛使用的阶跃脉冲相比较，可大幅度提高通带短周期段的标定精度，与国外使用的平衡二阶或三阶脉冲比较，具有响主尖波形特征，既可提高通带短周期段标定精度，又不降低通带长周期段精度，此外，具有生成较容易，技术难度适中，便于推广使用等特点。     

EFFECT OF WATER DEPTH ON WIND-WAVE FREQUENCY SPECTRUM Ⅰ.SPECTRAL FORM

Wen et al.'s odhed dewiogh to obtain wind-wave frequency spectrum in deep was used toderive the spectrum in finite depth water. The spedrum S(ω) (ω bein angular frequency) when normalizedwith the zeroth moment m and peak frequercyω。 contains in adrition to the peakness factor P=ω。S(ω。)/m。, a twth parameter n=(2πm。)_(1/2)d (d being water depPth), so the spatrum behavior can bestudies for different ware growth stages and water depths.     

利用航磁资料判定东北南部地区几条主干断裂

近年来,利用最大熵功率谱法计算磁性体深度受到了地球物理界的重视。本文利用该方法求取东北地学断面磁性层顶、底界面深度,并结合航磁ΔTa异常图及相应滤波图,判定了该断面几条主干断裂的位置与展布,其结果有的与地质推断基本一致,有的则有较大差异。     

由环境应力值寻找地震危险区的尝试

作者根据位错理论,采用二维矩形破裂模式,在导出了平均震源速度谱的基础上,导出了用地震波计算环境剪应力τ_0的公式。计算了1987—1991年中国和邻区大约1000多次4级以上中强地震的环境剪应力值τ_0,并把τ_0≥10MPa的地震看作是高剪应力值地震。自1987—1991年5年内,我国及邻区共发生M_s≥6.0的强震45次,和160余次高剪应力中强地震(M=4.0-5.0,τ_0≥10MPa),大约有1/4的强震和1/3的高应力值地震发生在台湾地区。说明台湾地区是一个高地震活动区和高应力值地区。新疆的喀什—乌恰—乌什地区也是高地震活动区和高应力值地区。我们对发生在其地区的强震,向前追溯了环境应力值τ_0的变化。发现有11个强震事件(约占全部事件80%)在震前1—5年内,在以强震为圆心,半径为200km范围内(个别略远),均有1—2个或多个高应力值地震出现。说明当高应力值地震发生时,该地区环境应力在增高,它可以作为将要发生强震的前兆。据此,推测了今后3年内大陆强震发生的可能地区是:①中印缅三国边境地区;②西藏波密地区;③青海北部到宁夏北部地区;④新疆伊宁地区;⑤纵贯新青藏90°E±2°线地带;⑥晋北忻州地区;⑦苏北及黄海地区;⑧山东长岛地区。     

A SPECTRUM OF LYAPUNOV EXPONENTS OBTAINED FROM A CHAOTIC TIME SERIES

A complete spectrum of Lyapunov exponents (LEs) is obtained from 1970— 1985 daily mean pressuremeasurements at Shanghai by means of a correlation matrix analysis technique and it is found that there exist LEs≥0,and <0. with their sum 0λ_i=K=0.110405 whereuponT=1 /K =9 is obtained as the predictable time scale, a result close to that acquired by the dynamic-statistical approachin early days and also in agreement with that present by the authors themselves(1991).     

山西地震带历史地震序列的极大熵谱分析

综述了极大熵谱分析的原理及Burg递推算法,选取应变能∑E_1~(1/2)地震活动度∑A_1为采样序列,对三个时段的资料进行了极大熵谱分析。结果表明;两个序列所得结果较为一致。山西地震带中强震活动和华北中强震活动同步变化,且主要受321年和347年显著周期控制。其35年和66年短周期活动与太阳活动和地球自转31年和60年长周期较接近,表明地震活动在总体上受太阳活动与地球自转速率变化控制,短周期成份反映了发生地震地区应力场能量积累和释放的特点。