内蒙古东部春季三类沙尘天气气溶胶散射系数及其与PM10、能见度相关性分析

利用内蒙古东胜、锡林浩特两站2004~2006年春季（3~5月）积分浊度计的观测资料,结合同期PM10质量浓度、大气能见度等资料,分析了背景、扬沙、沙尘暴、强沙尘暴等不同强度沙尘天气气溶胶散射系数的分布特征,讨论了不同强度沙尘天气过程中散射系数、PM10、能见度的日变化规律,以及不同强度沙尘天气过程中散射系数与PM10质量浓度、散射系数与能见度的相关关系。结果表明:散射系数能够很好地反映沙尘天气强度;随沙尘天气强度增强,散射系数日变化从双峰型向单峰型转变;沙尘天气强度较弱时,PM10与散射系数的日变化不相似,强沙尘暴过程中PM10与散射系数的日变化有一定的相似性;能见度与散射系数日变化趋势相反;散射系数与PM10质量浓度呈正相关性,沙尘天气越强,相关性越好,背景、扬沙、沙尘暴、强沙尘暴相关系数分别为0.201、0.809、0.898和0.953;散射系数与能见度有指数相关关系,随沙尘天气强度增强二者相关性逐渐增强,背景、扬沙、沙尘暴、强沙尘暴相关系数分别为-0.773、-0.870、-0.918和-0.940。     

桂林城区大气能见度与颗粒物浓度和气象因子关系研究

利用2015年1月至2017年6月桂林国家基本气象站能见度、相对湿度、气温、气压、降水等气象要素和PM₁₀、PM_2.5、PM_1.0颗粒物质量浓度资料,分析桂林城区大气能见度与颗粒物浓度和气象因子之间关系。结果表明：桂林城区大气能见度和PM₁₀、PM_2.5、PM_1.0呈对数关系,相关系数分别为-0.341、-0.461、-0.509,颗粒物对大气能见度影响在相对湿度为60%—70%时最为显著。在各气象因子中,大气能见度与风速的相关性最好,其次为相对湿度,与风速呈二次函数关系,与相对湿度呈幂指数关系,与温度相关性较小,与气压在秋冬季节呈正相关,相关系数冬季可达0.301,但在春、夏季节相关性不显著;利用颗粒物浓度和气象要素建立8种大气能见度非线性统计回归模型,比较后发现利用PM_1.0、风速、相对湿度、气温等因子建立的不同季节大气能见度拟合公式在实际检验中效果最优,能较好地模拟桂林地区大气能见度的变化。     

论边界层中的大气扩散PDF模式

基于大气扩散Ｋ理论，用作为风速脉动均方差和拉氏时间尺度函数的湍流交换系数，得到了直接利用风速脉动几率密度而不用扩散参数的大气扩散ＰＤＦ模式。分别研究了对流边界层上升气流区与下降区垂直速度的统计特征，求得双正态ＰＤＦ模式。在给定ＣＢＬ自身参数如对流特征速度ｗ＊，顶高ｈｉ和源高度上的平均风速时，该模式计算出的无量纲浓度分布与室内外测试结果一致。     

CO2浓度渐增对气温影响的敏感性试验

使用辐射对流模式，研究了中纬度冬季气温对于ＣＯ２浓度变化的敏感性。结果表明：气温变幅随ＣＯ２浓度渐增呈现先快后慢的非线性特征；气温变幅具有一定的稳定性。     

新疆天山山区大气冰核浓度的测量及分析

利用2001年6、7月份在新疆天山山区两个取样点取得的冰核资料，计算了山区中的冰核浓度，研究了冰核平均浓度日变化、日际变化的规律，并分析了天山山区冰核浓度与一些气象因子的关系及可能原因。得出以下结论：天山山区的大气冰核主要来源于地面土壤，比较缺乏；冰核浓度易受气象因子、地表状况的影响，日变化和日际变化明显．     

Modeling of flowing film concentrators: Part 1. Water split behaviour

A large number of mineral processing equipment employs the basic principles of gravity concentration in a flowing fluid of a few millimetres thick in small open channels where the particles are distributed along the flow height based on their physical properties and the fluid flow characteristics. Fluid flow behaviour and slurry transportation characteristics in open channels have been the research topic for many years in many engineering disciplines. However, the open channels used in the mineral processing industries are different in terms of the size of the channel and the flow velocity used. Understanding of water split behaviour is, therefore, essential in modeling flowing film concentrators. In this paper, an attempt has been made to model the water split behaviour in an inclined open rectangular channel, resembling the actual size and the flow velocity used by the mineral processing industries, based on the Prandtl's mixing length approach.     

基于HJ-1遥感数据的矿区水体污染监测与分析——以龙岩紫金山金铜矿为例

矿产资源的持续开采与加工利用使得矿区周边水资源受到的污染日趋严重,急需采用先进技术对水污染进行监测分析,遥感技术是水环境监测最为有效的技术之一。利用国产环境一号小卫星多光谱遥感影像数据,针对福建省龙岩市紫金山矿区不同时相的数据进行水质遥感监测。利用近红外单波段阈值分割法提取悬浮物浓度信息,基于矿区酸碱性水体光谱曲线特性采用342波段假彩色合成影像,采用SVM分类方法进行分类,判别矿区水体酸碱性以及分析水体受污染程度变化和污染源。结果表明,研究区汀江水体2008年呈现碱性,2010年呈现弱碱性,水质在研究时段内得到一定的改善,但在选矿厂与矿区附近的水体中仍含有大量重金属沉积物。     

Mass Concentration and Mineralogical Characteristics of Aerosol Particles Collected at Dunhuang During ACE-Asia

Measurements were performed in spring 2001 and 2002 to determine the characteristics of soil dust in the Chinese desert region of Dunhuang, one of the ground sites of the Asia-Pacific Regional Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE-Asia). The mean mass concentrations of total suspended particle matter during the spring of 2001 and 2002 were 317 μg m?3 and 307 μg m?3, respectively. Eleven dust storm events were observed with a mean aerosol concentration of 1095 μg m?3, while the non-dusty days with calm or weak wind speed had a background aerosol loading of 196 μgm?3 on average in the springtime. The main minerals detected in the aerosol samples by X-ray diffraction were illite, kaolinite, chlorite, quartz, feldspar, calcite and dolomite. Gypsum, halite and amphibole were also detected in a few samples. The mineralogical data also show that Asian dust is characterized by a kaolinite to chlorite (K/C) ratio lower than 1 whereas Saharan dust exhibits a K/C ratio larger than 2. Air mass back-trajectory analysis show that three families of pathways are associated with the aerosol particle transport to Dunhuang, but these have similar K/C ratios, which further demonstrates that the mineralogical characteristics of Asian dust are different from African dust.     

“海葵”台风(1211号)暴雨雨滴谱特征分析

利用常规气象观测资料、加密自动气象观测站资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料以及安徽省滁州、黄山山底站地基雨滴谱观测资料,分析了2012年8月8-9日“海葵”台风暴雨过程的降水特征与环流背景,重点分析了该过程前后两个阶段(即台风本体造成的降水阶段与冷空气入侵引发的降水阶段)降水的雨滴谱特征。结果表明:(1)“海葵”台风降水过程中,安徽滁州站和黄山山底站平均谱谱宽都较大,均有6~8 mm的大降水粒子出现;黄山山底站具有更高的雨滴数浓度和较小的雨滴直径。(2)整个降水过程中,滁州站平均谱接近后一阶段的雨滴谱型,而黄山山底站平均谱接近前一阶段的雨滴谱型;不同雨强下两站的雨滴谱谱型基本相似,且随着降水强度增大,谱宽和雨滴数浓度均呈增大趋势。(3)前后两个降水阶段,滁州和黄山山底站表现出不同的滴谱特征。前一阶段,滁州站雨强(R)、雨滴质量加权平均直径(Dm)和标准化数浓度(Nw)的均值均小于黄山山底站;至后一阶段,滁州站的R、Dm明显增大,均大于黄山山底站。(4)从台风本体降水阶段到冷空气入侵降水阶段,滁州站雨滴谱型变化明显,呈现出谱宽由窄变宽且随雨滴直径增大而雨滴数浓度均增大的特点;黄山山底站雨滴谱型差异不大,表现出谱宽由宽变窄、雨滴数浓度随雨滴直径增大先增后减的特点。     

Concentration profiles of particles settling in the neutral and stratified atmospheric boundary layer

An expression for the vertical equilibrium concentration profile of heavy particles, including the effects of canopy on the eddy diffusivity as well as corrections for atmospheric stability, is proposed. This expression is validated against measurements of vertical concentration profiles of corn pollen above a corn field. The fitted theoretical profiles show that particle settling is correctly accounted for. The sensitivity to variations in the turbulent Schmidt number, settling velocity and stability corrections are explicitly characterized. The importance of independent measurements of the surface flux of pollen in future experiments is noted.