为我国土壤科学的发展奋斗终生的李连捷院士

文章简述了李连捷先生为中国的土壤科学和为生产服务而奋斗的一生。20世纪40年代,他在去美国深造之前,就在国内到贵州、广西和华南的许多省区进行了大面积的土壤调查工作。新中国成立后,他欣然接受先后到黑龙江、青海和内蒙古等省区进行荒地资源垦殖的调查任务,并于50～60年代,先后参与和组织了对西藏、新疆等地多专业的大型综合考察。通过这些考察,为西部大开发摸清和积累了大批可贵的自然资源资料,为我国土壤的发生和分类、土地资源的合理利用以及国民经济的发展做出了积极贡献。李先生在他近半个世纪的教学工作中,为我国培养了大批土壤科学人才。他一生刚正不阿、高风亮节,为我们树立了学习的榜样。在李连捷先生逝世10周年之际,仅以此文表达对他的深切怀念。     

利用ERS-2 SAR图像纹理分析方法揭示长白山天池火山近代喷发物空间分布特征

简单介绍了SAR图像的纹理特征以及正交小波变换纹理提取方法。论述了SAR图像的纹理特征参与分类的重要性。以长白山天池火山为例,通过对ERS2SAR图像进行纹理分析,提取了SAR图像两个层次的尺度变化、时频局部化和方向性纹理特征。并将SAR纹理特征与TM图像及DEM进行复合,利用多源信息各自的优势,进行了BP神经元网络分类,从较大范围对长白山天池火山735±15aB.P.大喷发的喷发物空间分布进行评价。获取了长白山天池火山近代喷发物的空间分布及规模。这对长白山天池火山未来喷发危险性初步评价、火山地质制图及火山灾害预测有重要意义。     

A study on the early-warning technique concerning debris flow disasters

According to the principle of the eruption of debris flows, the new torrent classification techniques are brought forward. The torrent there can be divided into 4 types such as the debris flow torrent with high destructive strength, the debris flow torrent, high sand-carrying capacity flush flood torrent and common flush flood by the techniques. In this paper, the classification indices system and the quantitative rating methods are presented. Based on torrent classification, debris flow torrent hazard zone mapping techniques by which the debris flow disaster early-warning object can be ascertained accurately are identified. The key techniques of building the debris flow disaster neural network (NN)real time forecasting model are given detailed explanations in this paper, including the determination of neural node at the input layer, the output layer and the implicit layer, the construction of knowledge source and the initial weight value and so on. With this technique, the debris flow disaster real-time forecasting neural network model is built according to the rainfall features of the historical debris flow disasters, which includes multiple rain factors such as rainfall of the disaster day, the rainfall of 15 days before the disaster day, the maximal rate of rainfall in one hour and ten minutes. It can forecast the probability, critical rainfall of eruption of the debris flows, through the real-time rainfall monitoring or weather forecasting. Based on the torrent classification and hazard zone mapping, combined with rainfall monitoring in the rainy season and real-time forecasting models, the debris flow disaster early-warning system is built. In this system, the GIS technique, the advanced international software and hardware are applied, which makes the system′s performance steady with good expansibility. The system is a visual information system that serves management and decision-making, which can facilitate timely inspect of the variation of the torrent type and hazardous zone, the torrent management, the early-warning of disasters and the disaster reduction and prevention.     

三种地统计学图像纹理用于遥感图像分类的比较

该文运用LANDSAT TM数据对三种地统计学纹理量测方法用于图像分类的性能进行了比较和分析。研究发现，基于绝对值变差函数的纹理具有更好的性能。经典的变差函数和基于方根的变差函数的性能依赖于提取纹理时所用的窗口大小。     

从流体包裹体研究探讨金属矿床成矿条件

根据作者多年来对流体包裹体的研究成果，参考了国内外的研究结论，提出了一个新的成矿流体分类方案，并评述了我国若干典型金属矿床的研究状况，由此探讨了金属矿床的形成机制。     

陷落柱的探查与综合治理实践

介绍了桃园煤矿井下所见陷落柱的出露特征。为指导巷道施工，消除水患威胁，采取了综合勘探方法查明陷落柱的范围、高度、导水性等情况，并阐述了注浆加固综合治理陷落柱的方法。     

重庆市北碚醪糟坪泥石流防治工程探讨

北碚醪糟坪泥石流防治工程，在施工中使用了多工艺方法，泥石流前缘采用桩、粱、锚支挡工程，相互连接及帷幕灌浆，改变土质性能，加强稳定性，泥石流中段大胆采用碎石毛石重力坝，阻拦上部泥石流，加上盲沟连接碎石桩和重力坎，排泄地下水、地表水。为了防止泥石流上段北岸继续造成滑塌，在北岸进行护坡桩保护。后缘是根据彻底根治原则，用人工挖孔抗滑桩，桩上端与横粱相连，粱与锚桩连接，切断了泥石流物质来源。该泥石流是地表水和地下水不畅通而引起的，在泥石流中下部修建了盲沟网格，明渠修建在下部外围稳定的土体上，水渠沟沟相通，最后集中排泄到明渠中流走。该泥石流采用综合整治方法，大胆使用碎石桩毛石重力坎，这一工艺获得了理想效果。     

矿产资源两个层次的经济意义及分类

首次提出了矿产资源两个层次的经济意义,论述了两者的特点及其相互关系。在两个层次的地质可靠程度和两个层次的经济意义的基础上,提出了两个层次分类的概念,进而分析我国新分类标准可能存在的问题,并提出了个人建议。